Converting rows from a table into days of the week - sql

Question

What I thought was going to be a fairly easy task is becoming a lot more difficult than I expected. We have several tasks that get performed sometimes several times per day, so we have a table that gets a row added whenever a user performs the task. What I need is a snapshot of the month with the initials and time of the person that did the task like this:
The 'activity log' table is pretty simple, it just has the date/time the task was performed along with the user that did it and the scheduled time (the "Pass Time" column in the image); this is the table I need to flatten out into days of the week.
Each 'order' can have one or more 'pass times' and each pass time can have zero or more initials for that day. For example, for pass time 8:00, it can be done several times during that day or not at all.
I have tried standard joins to get the orders and the scheduled pass times with no issues, but getting the days of the week is escaping me. I have tried creating a function to get all the initials for the day and just creating
'select FuncCall() as 1, FuncCall() as 2', etc. for each day of the week but that is a real performance suck.
Does anyone know of a better technique?
Update: I think the comment about PIVOT looks promising, but not quite sure because everything I can find uses an aggregate function in the PIVOT part. So if I have the following table:
create table #MyTable (OrderName nvarchar(10),DateDone date, TimeDone time, Initials nvarchar(4), PassTime nvarchar(8))
insert into #MyTable values('Order 1','2018/6/1','2:00','ABC','1st Pass')
insert into #MyTable values('Order 1','2018/6/1','2:20','DEF','1st Pass')
insert into #MyTable values('Order 1','2018/6/1','4:40','XYZ','2nd Pass')
insert into #MyTable values('Order 1','2018/6/3','5:00','ABC','1st Pass')
insert into #MyTable values('Order 1','2018/6/4','4:00','QXY','2nd Pass')
insert into #MyTable values('Order 1','2018/6/10','2:00','ABC','1st Pass')
select * from #MyTable
pivot () -- Can't figure out what goes here since all examples I see have an aggregate function call such as AVG...
drop table #MyTable
I don't see how to get this output since I am not aggregating anything other than the initials column:

Answer 1

Something like this?
DECLARE #taskTable TABLE(ID INT IDENTITY,Task VARCHAR(100),TaskPerson VARCHAR(100),TaskDate DATETIME);
INSERT INTO #taskTable VALUES
('Task before June 2018','AB','2018-05-15T12:00:00')
,('Task 1','AB','2018-06-03T13:00:00')
,('Task 1','CD','2018-06-04T14:00:00')
,('Task 2','AB','2018-06-05T15:00:00')
,('Task 1','CD','2018-06-06T16:00:00')
,('Task 1','EF','2018-06-06T17:00:00')
,('Task 1','EF','2018-06-06T18:00:00')
,('Task 2','GH','2018-06-07T19:00:00')
,('Task 1','CD','2018-06-07T20:00:00')
,('After June 2018','CD','2018-07-15T21:00:00');
SELECT p.*
FROM
(
SELECT t.Task
,ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY t.Task,CAST(t.TaskDate AS DATE) ORDER BY t.TaskDate) AS Taskindex
,CONCAT(t.TaskPerson,' ',CONVERT(VARCHAR(5),t.TaskDate,114)) AS Content
,DAY(TaskDate) AS ColumnName
FROM #taskTable t
WHERE YEAR(t.TaskDate)=2018 AND MONTH(t.TaskDate)=6
) tbl
PIVOT
(
MAX(Content) FOR ColumnName IN([1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9],[10]
,[11],[12],[13],[14],[15],[16],[17],[18],[19],[20]
,[21],[22],[23],[24],[25],[26],[27],[28],[29],[30],[31])
) P
ORDER BY P.Task,Taskindex;
The result
+--------+-----------+------+------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Task | Taskindex | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 |
+--------+-----------+------+------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Task 1 | 1 | NULL | NULL | AB 13:00 | CD 14:00 | NULL | CD 16:00 | CD 20:00 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
+--------+-----------+------+------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Task 1 | 2 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | EF 17:00 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
+--------+-----------+------+------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Task 1 | 3 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | EF 18:00 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
+--------+-----------+------+------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Task 2 | 1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | AB 15:00 | NULL | GH 19:00 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL |
+--------+-----------+------+------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
The first trick is, to use the day's index (DAY()) as column name. The second trick is the ROW_NUMBER(). This will add a running index per task and day thus replicating the rows per index. Otherwise you'd get just one entry per day.
You input tables will be more complex, but I think this shows the principles...
UPDATE: So we have to get it even slicker :-D
WITH prepareData AS
(
SELECT t.Task
,t.TaskPerson
,t.TaskDate
,CONVERT(VARCHAR(10),t.TaskDate,126) AS TaskDay
,DAY(t.TaskDate) AS TaskDayIndex
,CONVERT(VARCHAR(5),t.TaskDate,114) AS TimeContent
FROM #taskTable t
WHERE YEAR(t.TaskDate)=2018 AND MONTH(t.TaskDate)=6
)
SELECT p.*
FROM
(
SELECT t.Task
,STUFF((
SELECT ', ' + CONCAT(x.TaskPerson,' ',TimeContent)
FROM prepareData AS x
WHERE x.Task=t.Task
AND x.TaskDay= t.TaskDay
ORDER BY x.TaskDate
FOR XML PATH(''),TYPE
).value(N'.',N'nvarchar(max)'),1,2,'') AS Content
,t.TaskDayIndex
FROM prepareData t
GROUP BY t.Task, t.TaskDay,t.TaskDayIndex
) p--tbl
PIVOT
(
MAX(Content) FOR TaskDayIndex IN([1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9],[10]
,[11],[12],[13],[14],[15],[16],[17],[18],[19],[20]
,[21],[22],[23],[24],[25],[26],[27],[28],[29],[30],[31])
) P
ORDER BY P.Task;
The result
+--------+------+------+----------+----------+----------+------------------------------+----------+------+
| Task | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
+--------+------+------+----------+----------+----------+------------------------------+----------+------+
| Task 1 | NULL | NULL | AB 13:00 | CD 14:00 | NULL | CD 16:00, EF 17:00, EF 18:00 | CD 20:00 | NULL |
+--------+------+------+----------+----------+----------+------------------------------+----------+------+
| Task 2 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | AB 15:00 | NULL | GH 19:00 | NULL |
+--------+------+------+----------+----------+----------+------------------------------+----------+------+
This will use a well discussed XML trick within a correlated sub-query in order to get all common entries together as one. With this united content you can go the normal PIVOT path. The aggregate will not compute anything, as there is - for sure - just one value per cell.