Users are created with dbcreator and public role. They can create and delete their own databases.
How do I give them the ability to grant permission to their database to other users? Currently they can only see public and guest object.
You don't need to make someone a sysadmin. The minimum required permissions are described on this page.
In SQL Server, requires ALTER ANY LOGIN permission on the server or
membership in the securityadmin fixed server role.
These permissions still give a user a lot of power. They are able to delete other sysadmin logins.
Perhaps partial contained databases can be a solution for you.
A database user in a regular database needs to be mapped to a login on server level. Managing these server level logins requires a lot of permissions.
Database users within a partially contained database can exists without a login. These users can only login to that specific database. No server level permissions are required to manage these users.
Related
When I scan my database, it shows one of the result like VA1143 'dbo' user should not be used for normal service operation in A Vulnerability Assessment scan
They have suggested to "Create users with low privileges to access the DB and any data stored in it with the appropriate set of permissions."
I have browse regarding the same to all form but cannot get the correct suggestion yet. Could you please suggested your idea or where i have to create the user and grand the permission. Since we have only one schema structure in our DB.
About "Create users with low privileges to access the DB and any data stored in it with the appropriate set of permissions.", the first thing you should know is the Database-Level Roles.
Create users with low privileges means that the use does not have the alter database permission.
When we create the user for the database, we need to grant the roles to it to control it's permission to the database.
For example, bellow the the code which create a read-only user for SQL database:
--Create login in master DB
USE master
CREATE LOGIN reader WITH PASSWORD = '<enterStrongPasswordHere>';
--create user in user DB
USE Mydatabase
CREATE USER reader FOR LOGIN reader;
GO
--set the user reader as readonly user
EXEC sp_addrolemember 'db_datareader', 'reader';
For more details, please reference:
Authorizing database access to authenticated users to SQL Database
and Azure Synapse Analytics using logins and user accounts
Hope this helps.
When designing and building databases, one the principal mechanisms for security must be the "least privilege principal". This means that you only give permissions that are absolutely necessary. No application should need to be the database owner in order to operate. This role should be highly restricted to only administration types. Instead, you create a more limited role for the application. It can include access to every single table, all the procedures, but it won't be able to do things like, for example, drop the database.
This is step one to a defense in depth of your system in order to properly and appropriately secure it. It helps with all levels of security issues from simple access to SQL Injection. That's why it's included as part of the vulnerability assessment. It's a real vulnerability.
Yes resolved the issue after creating the least privilege role and assigned to the user. But its leading to different below vulnerable issue's for the newly added user with least privilege role. Any lead will be helpful on this
1.VA2130 Track all users with access to the database
2. VA2109 - Minimal set of principals should be members of fixed low impact database roles
I am trying to provide DBAdmin privilege for a user on multiple databases.
I know how to do from on premises SQL database, I can directly map the user to required databases.
Can anyone let me know how to do it in Azure managed instance. Since the added user is external user, can,t see it in the Logins to map the user.
I have like 100 databases on which the user should have db admin right. Is there a easiest way to do that?
You can use an Azure Active Directory Login
eg
CREATE LOGIN [someuser#somecompany.onmicrosoft.com] FROM EXTERNAL PROVIDER
then create users mapped to this login in the appropriate databases, or make this login a sysadmin. Not sure if this shows up in SSMS, as it was added relatively recently. So you may have to create the users and grant them permissions in the target databases in TSQL, as per: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sql-database/sql-database-managed-instance-aad-security-tutorial
I have got myself into a little bit of a bind, using SQL Server Management Studio to create a database in Azure SQL. My issue appears to be with assigning roles to users in the database. When I created the database, it prompted me to create a new login, with an associated user, that appeared to have all the rights of a database owner. However, I am now trying to create two additional logins and I realize I am screwed. The login that I created when I made the database isn't the database owner, even though I could do all the DDL / DML necessary to create the full schema under that account. I created an additional login, and I added two users to that login. I now want to add that login to a role (db_datareader, db_denywrite) but I cannot.
It appears that the database owner is a user / login called "dbo" that I did not set up. This is the only user that is added as a database owner, and subsequently is the only one that can edit roles. But I do not know the login credentials for this user!
if I use what I believed to be the administrator account (the one I made) to add a role I get the error:
Cannot alter the role 'db_datareader', because it does not exist or you do not have permission.
How can I fix this? How can I get my original account added as a DB Owner? There has got to be a way, but everything I tried points to the fact that I am not the owner of the resource I created; I'm an outcast in my own country...
Thanks!
I'm using SqlServer and the application role for my application, but I also have username in SqlServer.
Is there any possibility to change user password when using the application role?
When I'm trying to change user password I get an error, that I don't have permission to change it.
I granted an alter permission to the application role, but it didn't help.
AFAIK, this is not possible and really isn't the use case application role was designed for.
Application roles are database level objects, or more accurately principals since it is a security object. Logins are server level principals. You cannot grant a server level privilege to a database level principal.
It really isn't the use case for app roles but if you absolutely must do it, you can create a stored procedure in the database used by the app and configure it to execute under a different principal but it's hacky and I wouldn't do it for a production system.
I have recently been running into many different areas of SQL Server that I normally don't mess with. One of them that has me confused is the area of Logins and Users. Seems like it should be a pretty simple topic...
It appears that each login can only have 1 user and each user can only have 1 login.
A login can be associated to multiple tables thus associating that user to many tables.
So my question is why even have a login and a user? they seem to be pretty much one in the same. What are the differences, or what is it that I seem to be missing?
A "Login" grants the principal entry into the SERVER.
A "User" grants a login entry into a single DATABASE.
One "Login" can be associated with many users (one per database).
Each of the above objects can have permissions granted to it at its own level. See the following articles for an explanation of each
Principals
Database Users
One reason to have both is so that authentication can be done by the database server, but authorization can be scoped to the database. That way, if you move your database to another server, you can always remap the user-login relationship on the database server, but your database doesn't have to change.
I think there is a really good MSDN blog post about this topic by Laurentiu Cristofor:
The first important thing that needs to be understood about SQL Server
security is that there are two security realms involved - the server
and the database. The server realm encompasses multiple database
realms. All work is done in the context of some database, but to get
to do the work, one needs to first have access to the server and then
to have access to the database.
Access to the server is granted via logins. There are two main
categories of logins: SQL Server authenticated logins and Windows
authenticated logins. I will usually refer to these using the shorter
names of SQL logins and Windows logins. Windows authenticated logins
can either be logins mapped to Windows users or logins mapped to
Windows groups. So, to be able to connect to the server, one must have
access via one of these types or logins - logins provide access to the
server realm.
But logins are not enough, because work is usually done in a database
and databases are separate realms. Access to databases is granted via
users.
Users are mapped to logins and the mapping is expressed by the SID
property of logins and users. A login maps to a user in a database if
their SID values are identical. Depending on the type of login, we can
therefore have a categorization of users that mimics the above
categorization for logins; so, we have SQL users and Windows users and
the latter category consists of users mapped to Windows user logins
and of users mapped to Windows group logins.
Let's take a step back for a quick overview: a login provides access
to the server and to further get access to a database, a user mapped
to the login must exist in the database.
that's the link to the full post.
In Short,
Logins will have the access of the server.
and
Users will have the access of the database.
I think this is a very useful question with good answer. Just to add my two cents from the MSDN Create a Login page:
A login is a security principal, or an entity that can be authenticated by a secure system. Users need a login to connect to SQL Server. You can create a login based on a Windows principal (such as a domain user or a Windows domain group) or you can create a login that is not based on a Windows principal (such as an SQL Server login).
Note:
To use SQL Server Authentication, the Database Engine must use mixed mode authentication. For more information, see Choose an Authentication Mode.
As a security principal, permissions can be granted to logins. The scope of a login is the whole Database Engine. To connect to a specific database on the instance of SQL Server, a login must be mapped to a database user. Permissions inside the database are granted and denied to the database user, not the login. Permissions that have the scope of the whole instance of SQL Server (for example, the CREATE ENDPOINT permission) can be granted to a login.
Graph on logins / users from MS sql-docs