Suppose I have given two dates, if difference is one month then it should be display as 30 days.Even months also need to convert into days
I have tried with age( date,now()::timestamp without time zone) but it is giving months-dates-years format. ex: 10 mons 24 days 13:57:40.5265.But I need following way.
For example if two months difference is there then I need output as 60 days.
Don't use the age() function for date/time arithmetic. It only returns "symbolic" results (which are good enough for human representation, but almost meaningless for date/time calculations; compared to the standard difference).
The standard difference operator (-) returns day-based results for both date, timestamp and timestamp with time zone (the former returns days as int, the latter two return day-based intervals):
From the day-based intervals you can extract days with the extract() function:
select current_date - '2017-01-01',
extract(day from now()::timestamp - '2017-01-01 00:00:00'),
extract(day from now() - '2017-01-01 00:00:00Z');
http://rextester.com/RBTO71933
Both of those will give that result.
select make_interval(days => ((extract(epoch from '2016-04-10'::date) - extract(epoch from '2016-02-10'::date))/(60*60*24))::integer)::text;
select format('%1$s days', ((extract(epoch from '2016-04-10'::date) - extract(epoch from '2016-02-10'::date))/(60*60*24))::integer);
Related
I need to calculate hours between datetime fields and I can achieve it by simply doing
select date1,date2,(date1-date2) from table; --This gives answer in DD:HH:MM:SS format
select date1,date2,(trunc(date1)-trunc(date2))*24 --This doesn't take into account the time, it only gives hours between two dates.
Is there a way I can find the difference between date times that gives the output in Hours as a number?
The 'format' comment on your first query suggests your columns are timestamps, despite the dummy column names, as the result of subtracting two timestamps is an interval. Your second query is implicitly converting both timestamps to dates before subtracting them to get an answer as a number of days - which would be fractional if you weren't truncating them and thus losing the time portion.
You can extract the number of hours from the interval difference, and also 24 * the number of days if you expect it to exceed a day:
extract(day from (date1 - date2)) * 24 + extract(hour from (date1 - date2))
If you want to include fractional hours then you can extract and manipulate the minutes and seconds too.
You can also explicitly convert to dates, and truncate or floor after manipulation:
floor((cast(date1 as date) - cast(date2 as date)) * 24)
db<>fiddle demo
Use the DATEDIFF function in sql.
Example:
SELECT DATEDIFF(HOUR, '2021-09-05 12:00:00', GETDATE());
You can find it using the differnece of dates and multiplying with 24
select date1
,date2
,(date1-date2)*24 as diff_in_hrs
from table
I have two timestamp columns: arrTime and depTime.
I need to find the number of munites the bus is late.
I tried the following:
SELECT RouteDate, round((arrTime-depTime)*1440,2) time_difference
FROM ...
I get the following error: inconsistent datatype . expected number but got interval day to second
How can i parse the nuber of minutes?
If i simply subtract: SELECT RouteDate, arrTime-depTime)*1440 time_difference
The result is correct but not well formatted:
time_difference
+00000000 00:01:00 0000000
The result of timestamp arithmetic is an INTERVAL datatype. You have an INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND there...
If you want the number of minutes one way would be to use EXTRACT(), for instance:
select extract( minute from interval_difference )
+ extract( hour from interval_difference ) * 60
+ extract( day from interval_difference ) * 60 * 24
from ( select systimestamp - (systimestamp - 1) as interval_difference
from dual )
Alternatively you can use a trick with dates:
select sysdate + (interval_difference * 1440) - sysdate
from (select systimestamp - (systimestamp - 1) as interval_difference
from dual )
The "trick" version works because of the operator order of precedence and the differences between date and timestamp arithmetic.
Initially the operation looks like this:
date + ( interval * number ) - date
As mentioned in the documentation:
Oracle evaluates expressions inside parentheses before evaluating those outside.
So, the first operation performed it to multiply the interval by 1,440. An interval, i.e. a discrete period of time, multiplied by a number is another discrete period of time, see the documentation on datetime and interval arithmetic. So, the result of this operation is an interval, leaving us with:
date + interval - date
The plus operator takes precedence over the minus here. The reason for this could be that an interval minus a date is an invalid operation, but the documentation also implies that this is the case (doesn't come out and say it). So, the first operation performed is date + interval. A date plus an interval is a date. Leaving just
date - date
As per the documentation, this results in an integer representing the number of days. However, you multiplied the original interval by 1,440, so this now represented 1,440 times the amount of days it otherwise would have. You're then left with the number of seconds.
It's worth noting that:
When interval calculations return a datetime value, the result must be an actual datetime value or the database returns an error. For example, the next two statements return errors:
The "trick" method will fail, rarely but it will still fail. As ever it's best to do it properly.
SELECT (arrTime - depTime) * 1440 time_difference
FROM Schedule
WHERE ...
That will get you the time difference in minutes. Of course, you can do any rounding that you might need to to get whole minutes....
Casting to DATE first returns the difference as a number, at least with the version of Oracle I tried.
round((cast(arrTime as date) - cast(depTime as date))*1440)
You could use TO_CHAR then convert back to a number. I have never tested the performance compared to EXTRACT, but the statement works with two dates instead of an interval which fit my needs.
Seconds:
(to_char(arrTime,'J')-to_char(depTime,'J'))*86400+(to_char(arrTime,'SSSSS')-to_char(depTime,'SSSSS'))
Minutes:
round((to_char(arrTime,'J')-to_char(depTime,'J'))*1440+(to_char(arrTime,'SSSSS')-to_char(depTime,'SSSSS'))/60)
J is julian day and SSSSS is seconds in day. Together they give an absolute time in seconds.
Hello everyOne I need to get the AVERAGE of difference of two dates (timestamp)
I tried this
select AVG((sva.endTime - sva.startTime)) as seconds from SVATable sva;
but I got an error
93/5000
ORA-00932: Inconsistent data types; expected: NUMBER; got: INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND
You may use EXTRACT to get AVG seconds.
SELECT AVG (EXTRACT (SECOND FROM (sva.endTime - sva.startTime)))
AS avg_seconds
FROM SVATable sva;
This is an insidious problem in Oracle. Your calculation would work with the date data type, but it does not work with timestamps.
One solution is to extract the days, hours, minutes, and seconds from the interval. Another is to use date arithmetic. You can get fractions of a day by using:
select (date '2000-01-01' + (sva.endTime - sva.startTime)) - date '2000-01-01'
You can use the average and convert to seconds:
select avg( (date '2000-01-01' + (sva.endTime - sva.startTime)) - date '2000-01-01') * (60*60*24)
I have a books table with a returned_date column. I'd like to see the results for all of the books with a returned date that occurred in the past week.
Any thoughts? I tried doing some date math, but Postgres wasn't happy with my attempt.
You want to use interval and current_date:
select * from books where returned_date > current_date - interval '7 days'
This would return data from the past week including today.
Here's more on working with dates in Postgres.
Assuming returned_date is data type date, this is simplest and fastest:
SELECT * FROM books WHERE returned_date > CURRENT_DATE - 7;
now()::date is the Postgres implementation of standard SQL CURRENT_DATE. Both do exactly the same in PostgreSQL.
CURRENT_DATE - 7 works because one can subtract / add integer values (= days) from / to a date. An unquoted number like 7 is treated as numeric constant and initially cast to integer by default (only digits, plus optional leading sign). No explicit cast needed.
With data type timestamp or timestamptz you have to add / subtract an interval, like #Eric demonstrates. You can do the same with date, but the result is timestamp and you have to cast back to date or keep working with timestamp. Sticking to date is simplest and fastest for your purpose. Performance difference is tiny, but there is no reason not to take it. Less error prone, too.
The computation is independent from the actual data type of returned_date, the resulting type to the right of the operator will be coerced to match either way (or raise an error if no cast is registered).
For the "past week" ...
To include today make it > current_date - 7 or >= current_date - 6. But that's typically a bad idea, as "today" is only a fraction of a day and can produce odd results.
>= current_date - 7 returns rows for the last 8 days (incl. today) instead of 7 and is wrong, strictly speaking.
To exclude today make it:
WHERE returned_date >= current_date - 7
AND returned_date < current_date
Or:
WHERE returned_date BETWEEN current_date - 7
AND current_date - 1
To get the last full calendar week ending with Sunday, excluding today:
WHERE returned_date BETWEEN date_trunc('week', now())::date - 7
AND date_trunc('week', now())::date - 1
BETWEEN ... AND ... is ok for data type date (being a discrete type), but typically the wrong tool for timestamp / timestamptz. See:
How to add a day/night indicator to a timestamp column?
The exact definition of "day" and "week" always depends on your current timezone setting.
What math did you try?
This should work
select * from books where current_date - integer '7'
Taken from PostgreSQL Date/Time Functions and Operators
Is there a TIMESTAMPDIFF() equivalent for PostgreSQL?
I know I can subtract two timestamps to get a postgresql INTERVAL. I just want the difference between the two timestamps in in hours represented by an INT.
I can do this in MySQL like this:
TIMESTAMPDIFF(HOUR, links.created, NOW())
I just need the difference between two timestamps in hours represented as an integer.
Solution works for me:
SELECT "links_link"."created",
"links_link"."title",
(EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM current_timestamp - "links_link"."created")/3600)::Integer AS "age"
FROM "links_link"
The first things popping up
EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM current_timestamp-somedate)/3600
May not be pretty, but unblocks the road. Could be prettier if division of interval by interval was defined.
Edit: if you want it greater than zero either use abs or greatest(...,0). Whichever suits your intention.
Edit++: the reason why I didn't use age is that age with a single argument, to quote the documentation: Subtract from current_date (at midnight). Meaning you don't get an accurate "age" unless running at midnight. Right now it's almost 1am here:
select age(current_timestamp);
age
------------------
-00:52:40.826309
(1 row)
Get fields where a timestamp is greater than date in postgresql:
SELECT * from yourtable
WHERE your_timestamp_field > to_date('05 Dec 2000', 'DD Mon YYYY');
Subtract minutes from timestamp in postgresql:
SELECT * from yourtable
WHERE your_timestamp_field > current_timestamp - interval '5 minutes'
Subtract hours from timestamp in postgresql:
SELECT * from yourtable
WHERE your_timestamp_field > current_timestamp - interval '5 hours'
Michael Krelin's answer is close is not entirely safe, since it can be wrong in rare situations. The problem is that intervals in PostgreSQL do not have context with regards to things like daylight savings. Intervals store things internally as months, days, and seconds. Months aren't an issue in this case since subtracting two timestamps just use days and seconds but 'days' can be a problem.
If your subtraction involves daylight savings change-overs, a particular day might be considered 23 or 25 hours respectively. The interval will take that into account, which is useful for knowing the amount of days that passed in the symbolic sense but it would give an incorrect number of the actual hours that passed. Epoch on the interval will just multiply all days by 24 hours.
For example, if a full 'short' day passes and an additional hour of the next day, the interval will be recorded as one day and one hour. Which converted to epoch/3600 is 25 hours. But in reality 23 hours + 1 hour should be a total of 24 hours.
So the safer method is:
(EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM current_timestamp) - EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM somedate))/3600
As Michael mentioned in his follow-up comment, you'll also probably want to use floor() or round() to get the result as an integer value.
You can use the "extract" or "date_part" functions on intervals as well as timestamps, but I don't think that does what you want. For example, it gives 3 for an interval of '2 days, 3 hours'. However, you can convert an interval to a number of seconds by specifying 'epoch' as the time element you want: extract(epoch from '2 days, 3 hours'::interval) returns 183600 (which you then divide by 3600 to convert seconds to hours).
So, putting this all together, you get basically Michael's answer: extract(epoch from timestamp1 - timestamp2)/3600. Since you don't seem to care about which timestamp precedes which, you probably want to wrap that in abs:
SELECT abs(extract(epoch from timestamp1 - timestamp2)/3600)
postgresql get seconds difference between timestamps
SELECT (
(extract (epoch from (
'2012-01-01 18:25:00'::timestamp - '2012-01-01 18:25:02'::timestamp
)
)
)
)::integer
which prints:
-2
Because the timestamps are two seconds apart. Take the number and divide by 60 to get minutes, divide by 60 again to get hours.
extract(hour from age(now(),links.created)) gives you a floor-rounded count of the hour difference.
To avoid the epoch conversion you could extract the days multiply them by 24 and add the extraction of hours to it.
select current_timestamp, (current_timestamp - interval '500' hour), (extract(day from (current_timestamp - (current_timestamp - interval '500' hour)) * 24) + extract(hour from (current_timestamp - (current_timestamp - interval '500' hour))));
For MySQL timestampdiff I don't know, but for MSSQL datediff(hour, start, end) the best equivalent in PostgreSQL is floor(extract(epoch from end - start)/3600), because in MSSQL select datediff(hour,'2021-10-31 18:00:00.000', '2021-10-31 18:59:59.999') return 0
This might sound crazy to a lot of developers who like to take advantage of database functions,
But after exhaustive problems thinking, creating and bugfixing applications for mysql and postgrsql with php comparing date functions, I've come to the conclusion (for myself), that the easiest way, that is the simplest with less SQL headaches is not to take advantage of any of them.
Why? because if you are developing in a middleware language like PHP, PHP has all of these functions, and they are easier to implement in the application ode as comparing integers. PostgreSQL timestamp is NOT == UNIX TIMESTAMP and MySQL's UNIX TIMESTAMP is NOT PostgresQL's or Oracles timestamp.. it gets harder to port if you use database timestamps..
so just use an integer, not a timestamp,
as the number of seconds since january 1st 1970 midnight. and never mind database timestamps.
, and use gmdate() and store everything as gmt time to avoid timezone issues.
if you need to search, sort or compare the day from other data, or the month or the year or the day of the week, or anything, in your application,
and INTEGER datatype for time_day, time_hour, time_seconds.. or whatever you wnat to index to be searched will make for smoother and more portable databases.
you can just use one field, in most instances: INTEGER time_created NOT NULL
(more fields in your database row is the only drawback to this solution that i have found, and that doesnt cause as many headaches, or cups of coffee :)
php's date functions are outstanding to compare dates,
but in mysql or postgresql, comparing dates ? nah.. use integer sql comparisons
i realize it may SEEM easier to use CURRENT_TIMESTAMP on an insert function. HA!
don't be fooled.
You cant do DELETE FROM SESSION_TABLE WHERE time-initialized < '2 days'
if time-intitialized is a postgresql timestamp.
but you CAN do:
DELETE FROM SESSION_TABLE WHERE time_initialized < '$yesterday'
As long as you set $yesterday in php as the integer of seconds since 1970 that yesterday was.
This is easier housekeeping of session records than comparing timestamps in postgresql select statements.
SELECT age(), SELECT extract(), and asbtime are headaches in an of themselves. this is just my opinion.
you can do addition, substraction, <, >, all with php date objects
_peter_sysko
U4EA Networks, Inc.