So, i have one method that will create all of the instance variables for my other methods that will create the game, i know how to do them separately but finding how to do it from one method is really hard.
I need to be reading data from a String where each line must be treated separately.
Am using Pharo.
Class Game, everything is within one Game class.
Game: instance variables: 'rol col'. Using instance methods.
readFrom: 'Board 3 4
Dice 2 1 1 1
Players 1'
board
[my actual code that creates a board]
row for loop[
Transcript show: 'creating board'.
col for loop[
Transcript show: 'creating board'.
]
]
dice
[dice code..]
players
[players code]
Your model is not clearly defined yet. However, by helping you with some coding I will try to give you some insights on how to fill the gaps still remaining.
So, let's say you have a class Game. This class defines (at least) 4 instance variables: rows, columns, dice and players.
Now you want to create an instance of Game by reading some String that conforms to a certain format, such in:
'Board 3 4
Dice 2 1 1 1
Players 1'
To do this create a class side method in Game on the lines of
readFrom: aString
^self new readFrom: aString
and then an instance method
readFrom: aString
aString lines do: [:line | | data key |
data := line substrings.
key := data at: 1.
key = 'Board'
ifTrue: [
rows := data at: 2.
columns := data at: 3].
key = 'Dice'
ifTrue: [
dice := data allButFirst collect: [:s | s asInteger]].
key = 'Players'
ifTrue: [
players := (data at: 2) asInteger]]
Again, this won't solve all problems, but should help you get started. Otherwise, ask again.
Related
I've made a small program that is supposed to read data in a range input it into an object oriented program, and then return the full data set. the issue is that when I run the file it only return data on the third procedure
I tried printing other procedure sets but idk how to do that, i'm thinking this will only work if i replace the procedures from generic to specific. as in instead of Procedure name for all of them procedures 1, 2, and 3
for i in range (3):
procedure_name = ('Physical Exam')
date_of = ("Nov 6th 2022")
doctor = ('Dr. Irvine')
charge = ('$ 250.00')
procedure_name = ('X-ray')
date_of = ("Nov 6th 2022")
doctor = ('Dr. Jamison')
charge = ('$ 500.00')
procedure_name = ('Blood test')
date_of = ("Nov 6th 2022")
doctor = ('Dr. Smith')
charge = ('$ 200.00')
procedure = HW6_RODRIGUEZ_1.Procedure(procedure_name,date_of,doctor,charge)
print(f'Procedure {i+1}')
print(procedure)
print(i, end=" ")
if name == 'main':
main()
So, I think you may have misunderstood some things when it comes to variables, OOP and looping.
When you define a variable, that variable is set to the last value it is assigned. So if you have the following code:
a = 1
a = 2
a = 3
The final value of the variable 'a' will be 3, as that is the last value it is assigned.
As for loops, whatever you have written in a for loop will be repeated for a specified number of times. This means if you want to write a loop that prints "hello" 5 times, you'd write the following:
for i in range(5):
print("hello")
What your loop is essentially doing is overwriting the same 3 variables 3 times over, this won't be assigning new values to an object.
When it comes to creating an object that you assign variable to, you need to first write the code for your class. Your class can have attributes like the variables you've stated. It could look something like this:
class procedure:
def __init__(self, procedure_name, date_of, doctor, charge):
self.procedure_name = procedure_name
self.date_of = date_of
self.doctor = doctor
self.charge = charge
Now, to set up a procedure object, you just assign a variable to procedure with the desired variables as parameters, like so:
new = procedure('X-ray','Nov 6th 2022','Dr. Jamison','$ 500.00')
And to access a variable, you just need to write procedureName.attribute. For example, using the object I just set up:
print(new.doctor)
Would output 'Dr. Jamison'.
If you want to store a bunch of them, I would recommend storing them in a list or a dictionary, depending on how you want to look them up.
I hope this helps! If you are new to programming, I would recommend some simpler programs such as a program that prints the nursery rhyme 10 green bottles using loops, or maybe making a quiz.
Best of luck.
I am using a Dictionary where the keys are strings and the values are integers. How can I get the key with the largest value out of this Dictionary?
I know there is the associationsDo: method I can use to iterate over both keys and values, but I don't know how to get the maximum value.
| countDict |
countDict := Dictionary new.
...
countDict associationsDo: [ :k :v | ??? ]
Here is a way to do it following your idea:
| max largest |
max := nil.
countDict associationsDo: [:k :v |
(max isNil or: [v > largest])
ifTrue: [
max := k.
largest := v]].
^max
Here is another way, shorter but not very efficient:
countDict isEmpty ifTrue: [^nil].
^countDict keyAtValue: countDict max
Also, if you have a countDict I suspect that it represents the number of occurrences of every key. If that is the case you shouldn't be using a Dictionary but a Bag. Instances of Bag represent collections of objects which may have several occurrences each. Examples:
names := Bag new.
people do: [:person | names add: person firstName].
and you may end up with
2 occurrences of 'John'
1 occurrence of 'Paul'
4 occurrences of 'Ringo'
7 occurrences of 'George'
names occurrencesOf: 'John' ----> 2
The Bag will internally have a countDict sort of Dictionary, but to your model a Bag could reveal better your intention than a Dictionary because you will only need to add: elements without having to count them; the Bag will do it for you.
With a Bag your computation becomes
bag occurrencesOf: bag asSet max
The reason to send asSet is to avoid iterating several times on every value, which would happen if we simply put bag max. This simpler code will also work, but given that max iterates using do: and Bag implements do: by repeating the evaluation of the block for every occurrence of the element, this solution would be less efficient.
A better approach would be to re-implement max (and min) in Bag so that each element is iterated once. This would be similar to the code that we have above which followed your initial idea (associationsDo: [...). But let's leave the details of this as an exercise for the reader.
Anyway, if we re-implemnted max in Bag, the code would become simple and efficient at once:
bag occurrencesOf: bag max
Another nice way to do this:
(countDict associations detectMax: #value) key
I have a data set that allows linking friends (i.e. observing peer groups) and thereby one can observe the characteristics of an individual's friends. What I have is an 8 digit identifier, id, each id's friend id's (up to 10 friends), and then many characteristic variables.
I want to take an individual and create a variables that are the foreign born status of each friend.
I already have an indicator for each person that is 1 if foreign born. Below is a small example, for just one friend. Notice, MF1 means male friend 1 and then MF1id is the id number for male friend 1. The respondents could list up to 5 male friends and 5 female friends.
So, I need Stata to look at MF1id and then match it down the id column, then look over to f_born for that matched id, and finally input the value of f_born there back up to the original id under MF1f_born.
edit: I did a poor job of explaining the data structure. I have a cross section so 1 observation per unique id. Row 1 is the first 8 digit id number with all the variables following over the row. The repeating id numbers are between the friend id's listed for each person (mf1id for example) and the id column. I hope that is a bit more clear.
Kevin Crow wrote vlookup that makes this sort of thing pretty easy:
use http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/stata/faq/dyads, clear
drop team y
rename (rater ratee) (id mf1_id)
bys id: gen f_born = mod(id,2)==1
net install vlookup
vlookup mf1_id, gen(mf1f_born) key(id) value(f_born)
So, Dimitriy's suggestion of vlookup is perfect except it will not work for me. After trying vlookup with both my data set, the UCLA data that Dimitriy used for his example, and a toy data set I created vlookup always failed at the point the program attempts to save a temp file to my temp folder. Below is the program for vlookup. Notice its sets tempfile file, manipulates the data, and then saves the file.
*! version 1.0.0 KHC 16oct2003
program define vlookup, sortpreserve
version 8.0
syntax varname, Generate(name) Key(varname) Value(varname)
qui {
tempvar g k
egen `k' = group(`key')
egen `g' = group(`key' `value')
local k = `k'[_N]
local g = `g'[_N]
if `k' != `g' {
di in red "`value' is unique within `key';"
di in red /*
*/ "there are multiple observations with different `value'" /*
*/ " within `key'."
exit 9
}
preserve
tempvar g _merge
tempfile file
sort `key'
by `key' : keep if _n == 1
keep `key' `value'
sort `key'
rename `key' `varlist'
rename `value' `generate'
save `file', replace
restore
sort `varlist'
joinby `varlist' using `file', unmatched(master) _merge(`_merge')
drop `_merge'
}
end
exit
For some reason, Stata gave me an error, "invalid file," at the save `file', replace point. I have a restricted data set with requirments to point all my Stata temp files to a very specific folder that has an erasure program sweeping it every so often. I don't know why this would create a problem but maybe it is, I really don't know. Regardless, I tweaked the vlookup program and it appears to do what I need now.
clear all
set more off
capture log close
input aid mf1aid fborn
1 2 1
2 1 1
3 5 0
4 2 0
5 1 0
6 4 0
7 6 1
8 2 .
9 1 0
10 8 1
end
program define justlinkit, sortpreserve
syntax varname, Generate(name) Key(varname) Value(name)
qui {
preserve
tempvar g _merge
sort `key'
by `key' : keep if _n ==1
keep `key' `value'
sort `key'
rename `key' `varlist'
rename `value' `generate'
save "Z:\Jonathan\created data sets\justlinkit program\fchara.dta",replace
restore
sort `varlist'
joinby `varlist' using "Z:\Jonathan\created data sets\justlinkit program\fchara.dta", unmatched(master) _merge(`_merge')
drop `_merge'
}
end
// set trace on
justlinkit mf1aid, gen(mf1_fborn) key(aid) value(fborn)
sort aid
list
Well, this fixed my problem. Thanks to all who responded I would not have figured this out without you.
I'm using Gforth, and I want to create a word in a definition. In the cmd line of Gforth I can type:
create foo
ok
Or more specifically, I defined an array function that expects a size on the stack and creates a word with the address to that array:
: array ( n -- ) ( i -- addr)
create cells allot
does> cells + ;
So if I type 10 array foo I can then use foo later.
But if I were to write 10 array foo within another definition it gives me a compilation error. I've tried replacing foo with s" foo" which compiles, but it blows up at run time, saying:
Attempt to use zero-length string as a name
Is there a way to do this?
One way to do it in gforth:
: bar 10 s" foo" ['] array execute-parsing ;
Other implementations do it differently, e.g. http://pfe.sourceforge.net/words/w-header-015.html
It's not easy to do in Standard Forth, but this may be good enough:
: bar 10 s" array foo" evaluate ;
I guess most of what you want to do can be done by defining words, i.e. using create ... does> ... This allows you to define a word with specialized behaviour.
E.g.:
: 2const create , , does> 2# ;
can be used to create double constants like 2 3 2const a-double (that stashes 2 and 3 away in a-double) and then a-double pushes two values (2 3).
so I am calling the twitter api:
openurl = urllib.urlopen("https://api.twitter.com/1/statuses/user_timeline.json?include_entities=true&contributor_details&include_rts=true&screen_name="+user+"&count=3600")
and it returns some long file like:
[{"entities":{"hashtags":[],"user_mentions":[],"urls":[{"url":"http:\/\/t.co\/Hd1ubDVX","indices":[115,135],"display_url":"amzn.to\/tPSKgf","expanded_url":"http:\/\/amzn.to\/tPSKgf"}]},"coordinates":null,"truncated":false,"place":null,"geo":null,"in_reply_to_user_id":null,"retweet_count":2,"favorited":false,"in_reply_to_status_id_str":null,"user":{"contributors_enabled":false,"lang":"en","profile_background_image_url_https":"https:\/\/si0.twimg.com\/profile_background_images\/151701304\/theme14.gif","favourites_count":0,"profile_text_color":"333333","protected":false,"location":"North America","is_translator":false,"profile_background_image_url":"http:\/\/a0.twimg.com\/profile_background_images\/151701304\/theme14.gif","profile_image_url_https":"https:\/\/si0.twimg.com\/profile_images\/1642783876\/idB005XNC8Z4_normal.png","name":"User Interface Books","profile_link_color":"009999","url":"http:\/\/twitter.com\/ReleasedBooks\/genres","utc_offset":-28800,"description":"All new user interface and graphic design book releases posted on their publication day","listed_count":11,"profile_background_color":"131516","statuses_count":1189,"following":false,"profile_background_tile":true,"followers_count":732,"profile_image_url":"http:\/\/a2.twimg.com\/profile_images\/1642783876\/idB005XNC8Z4_normal.png","default_profile":false,"geo_enabled":false,"created_at":"Mon Sep 20 21:28:15 +0000 2010","profile_sidebar_fill_color":"efefef","show_all_inline_media":false,"follow_request_sent":false,"notifications":false,"friends_count":1,"profile_sidebar_border_color":"eeeeee","screen_name":"User","id_str":"193056806","verified":false,"id":193056806,"default_profile_image":false,"profile_use_background_image":true,"time_zone":"Pacific Time (US & Canada)"},"possibly_sensitive":false,"in_reply_to_screen_name":null,"created_at":"Thu Nov 17 00:01:45 +0000 2011","in_reply_to_user_id_str":null,"retweeted":false,"source":"\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/twitter.com\/ReleasedBooks\/genres\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003EBook Releases\u003C\/a\u003E","id_str":"136957158075011072","in_reply_to_status_id":null,"id":136957158075011072,"contributors":null,"text":"Digital Media: Technological and Social Challenges of the Interactive World - by William Aspray - Scarecrow Press. http:\/\/t.co\/Hd1ubDVX"},{"entities":{"hashtags":[],"user_mentions":[],"urls":[{"url":"http:\/\/t.co\/GMCzTija","indices":[119,139],"display_u
Well,
the different objects are slit into tables and dictionaries and I want to extract the different parts but to do this I have to know how many objects the file has:
example:
[{1:info , 2:info}][{1:info , 2:info}][{1:info , 2:info}][{1:info , 2:info}]
so to extract the info from 1 in the first table I would:
[0]['1']
>>>>info
But to extract it from the last object in the table I need to know how many object the table has.
This is what my code looks like:
table_timeline = json.loads(twitter_timeline)
table_timeline_inner = table_timeline[x]
lines = 0
while lines < linesmax:
in_reply_to_user_id = table_timeline_inner['in_reply_to_status_id_str']
lines += 1
So how do I find the value of the last object in this table?
thanks
I'm not entirely sure this is what you're looking for, but to get the last item in a python list, use an index of -1. For example,
>>> alist = [{'position': 'first'}, {'position': 'second'}, {'position': 'third'}]
>>> print alist[-1]['position']
{'position': 'third'}
>>> print alist[-1]['position']
third