I'm starter of RTOS and I'm using Xenomai v2.6.3.
I'm trying to get some data using Serial communication.
I did my best on the task following the xenomai's guide and open sources, but it doesn't work well.
the link of the guide --> (https://xenomai.org//serial-16550a-driver/)
I just followed the sequence to use the module xeno_16550A. (with port io = 0x2f8 and irq=3)
I followed open source http://www.acadis.org/pages/captain.at/serial-port-example
It works well in write task, but read task doesn't work well.
It gave me the error sentence with error while RTSER_RTIOC_WAIT_EVENT, code -110 (it means connection timed out)
Moreover I checked the irq number3 by typing command 'cat /proc/xenomai/irq', but the interrupt number doesn't increase.
In my case, I don't need to write data, so I erase the write task code.
The read task proc is follow
void read_task_proc(void *arg) {
int ret;
ssize_t red = 0;
struct rtser_event rx_event;
while (1) {
/* waiting for event */
ret = rt_dev_ioctl(my_fd, RTSER_RTIOC_WAIT_EVENT, &rx_event );
if (ret) {
printf(RTASK_PREFIX "error while RTSER_RTIOC_WAIT_EVENT, code %d\n",ret);
if (ret == -ETIMEDOUT)
continue;
break;
}
unsigned char buf[1];
red = rt_dev_read(my_fd, &buf, 1);
if (red < 0 ) {
printf(RTASK_PREFIX "error while rt_dev_read, code %d\n",red);
} else {
printf(RTASK_PREFIX "only %d byte received , char : %c\n",red,buf[0]);
}
}
exit_read_task:
if (my_state & STATE_FILE_OPENED) {
if (!close_file( my_fd, READ_FILE " (rtser)")) {
my_state &= ~STATE_FILE_OPENED;
}
}
printf(RTASK_PREFIX "exit\n");
}
I could guess the causes of the problem.
buffer size or buffer is already full when new data is received.
rx_interrupt doesn't work....
I want to check whether the two things are wrong or not, but How can I check?
Furthermore, does anybody know the cause of the problem? Please give me comments.
Related
I'm using a Nucleo L496ZG, X-NUCLEO-IKS01A2 and the Quectel BG96 module to send sensor data (temperature, humidity etc..) to Azure IoT Central over HTTP.
I've been using the example implementation provided by Avnet here, which works fine but it's not power optimized and with a 6700mAh battery pack it only lasts around 30 hours sending telemetry ever ~10 seconds. Goal is for it to last around a week. I'm open to increasing the time between messages but I also want to save power in between sending.
I've gone over the Quectel BG96 manuals and I've tried two things:
1) powering off the device by driving the PWRKEY and turning it back on when I need to send a message
I've gotten this to work, kinda… until I get a hardfault exception which happens seemingly randomly anywhere from within ~5 minutes of running to 2 hours (messages successfully sending prior to the exception). Output of crash log parser is the same every time:
Crash location = strncmp [0x08038DF8] (based on PC value)
Caller location = _findenv_r [0x0804119D] (based on LR value)
Stack Pointer at the time of crash = [20008128]
Target and Fault Info:
Processor Arch: ARM-V7M or above
Processor Variant: C24
Forced exception, a fault with configurable priority has been escalated to HardFault
A precise data access error has occurred. Faulting address: 03060B30
The caller location traces back to my .map file and I don't know what to make of it.
My code:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
//#define USE_MQTT
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "mbed.h"
#include "iothubtransporthttp.h"
#include "iothub_client_core_common.h"
#include "iothub_client_ll.h"
#include "azure_c_shared_utility/platform.h"
#include "azure_c_shared_utility/agenttime.h"
#include "jsondecoder.h"
#include "bg96gps.hpp"
#include "azure_message_helper.h"
#define IOT_AGENT_OK CODEFIRST_OK
#include "azure_certs.h"
/* initialize the expansion board && sensors */
#include "XNucleoIKS01A2.h"
static HTS221Sensor *hum_temp;
static LSM6DSLSensor *acc_gyro;
static LPS22HBSensor *pressure;
static const char* connectionString = "xxx";
// to report F uncomment this #define CTOF(x) (((double)(x)*9/5)+32)
#define CTOF(x) (x)
Thread azure_client_thread(osPriorityNormal, 10*1024, NULL, "azure_client_thread");
static void azure_task(void);
EventFlags deleteOK;
size_t g_message_count_send_confirmations;
/* create the GPS elements for example program */
BG96Interface* bg96Interface;
//static int tilt_event;
// void mems_int1(void)
// {
// tilt_event++;
// }
void mems_init(void)
{
//acc_gyro->attach_int1_irq(&mems_int1); // Attach callback to LSM6DSL INT1
hum_temp->enable(); // Enable HTS221 enviromental sensor
pressure->enable(); // Enable barametric pressure sensor
acc_gyro->enable_x(); // Enable LSM6DSL accelerometer
//acc_gyro->enable_tilt_detection(); // Enable Tilt Detection
}
void powerUp(void) {
if (platform_init() != 0) {
printf("Error initializing the platform\r\n");
return;
}
bg96Interface = (BG96Interface*) easy_get_netif(true);
}
void BG96_Modem_PowerOFF(void)
{
DigitalOut BG96_RESET(D7);
DigitalOut BG96_PWRKEY(D10);
DigitalOut BG97_WAKE(D11);
BG96_RESET = 0;
BG96_PWRKEY = 0;
BG97_WAKE = 0;
wait_ms(300);
}
void powerDown(){
platform_deinit();
BG96_Modem_PowerOFF();
}
//
// The main routine simply prints a banner, initializes the system
// starts the worker threads and waits for a termination (join)
int main(void)
{
//printStartMessage();
XNucleoIKS01A2 *mems_expansion_board = XNucleoIKS01A2::instance(I2C_SDA, I2C_SCL, D4, D5);
hum_temp = mems_expansion_board->ht_sensor;
acc_gyro = mems_expansion_board->acc_gyro;
pressure = mems_expansion_board->pt_sensor;
azure_client_thread.start(azure_task);
azure_client_thread.join();
platform_deinit();
printf(" - - - - - - - ALL DONE - - - - - - - \n");
return 0;
}
static void send_confirm_callback(IOTHUB_CLIENT_CONFIRMATION_RESULT result, void* userContextCallback)
{
//userContextCallback;
// When a message is sent this callback will get envoked
g_message_count_send_confirmations++;
deleteOK.set(0x1);
}
void sendMessage(IOTHUB_CLIENT_LL_HANDLE iotHubClientHandle, char* buffer, size_t size)
{
IOTHUB_MESSAGE_HANDLE messageHandle = IoTHubMessage_CreateFromByteArray((const unsigned char*)buffer, size);
if (messageHandle == NULL) {
printf("unable to create a new IoTHubMessage\r\n");
return;
}
if (IoTHubClient_LL_SendEventAsync(iotHubClientHandle, messageHandle, send_confirm_callback, NULL) != IOTHUB_CLIENT_OK)
printf("FAILED to send! [RSSI=%d]\n", platform_RSSI());
else
printf("OK. [RSSI=%d]\n",platform_RSSI());
IoTHubMessage_Destroy(messageHandle);
}
void azure_task(void)
{
//bool tilt_detection_enabled=true;
float gtemp, ghumid, gpress;
int k;
int msg_sent=1;
while (true) {
powerUp();
mems_init();
/* Setup IoTHub client configuration */
IOTHUB_CLIENT_LL_HANDLE iotHubClientHandle = IoTHubClient_LL_CreateFromConnectionString(connectionString, HTTP_Protocol);
if (iotHubClientHandle == NULL) {
printf("Failed on IoTHubClient_Create\r\n");
return;
}
// add the certificate information
if (IoTHubClient_LL_SetOption(iotHubClientHandle, "TrustedCerts", certificates) != IOTHUB_CLIENT_OK)
printf("failure to set option \"TrustedCerts\"\r\n");
#if MBED_CONF_APP_TELUSKIT == 1
if (IoTHubClient_LL_SetOption(iotHubClientHandle, "product_info", "TELUSIOTKIT") != IOTHUB_CLIENT_OK)
printf("failure to set option \"product_info\"\r\n");
#endif
// polls will happen effectively at ~10 seconds. The default value of minimumPollingTime is 25 minutes.
// For more information, see:
// https://azure.microsoft.com/documentation/articles/iot-hub-devguide/#messaging
unsigned int minimumPollingTime = 9;
if (IoTHubClient_LL_SetOption(iotHubClientHandle, "MinimumPollingTime", &minimumPollingTime) != IOTHUB_CLIENT_OK)
printf("failure to set option \"MinimumPollingTime\"\r\n");
IoTDevice* iotDev = (IoTDevice*)malloc(sizeof(IoTDevice));
if (iotDev == NULL) {
return;
}
setUpIotStruct(iotDev);
char* msg;
size_t msgSize;
hum_temp->get_temperature(>emp); // get Temp
hum_temp->get_humidity(&ghumid); // get Humidity
pressure->get_pressure(&gpress); // get pressure
iotDev->Temperature = CTOF(gtemp);
iotDev->Humidity = (int)ghumid;
iotDev->Pressure = (int)gpress;
printf("(%04d)",msg_sent++);
msg = makeMessage(iotDev);
msgSize = strlen(msg);
sendMessage(iotHubClientHandle, msg, msgSize);
free(msg);
iotDev->Tilt &= 0x2;
/* schedule IoTHubClient to send events/receive commands */
IOTHUB_CLIENT_STATUS status;
while ((IoTHubClient_LL_GetSendStatus(iotHubClientHandle, &status) == IOTHUB_CLIENT_OK) && (status == IOTHUB_CLIENT_SEND_STATUS_BUSY))
{
IoTHubClient_LL_DoWork(iotHubClientHandle);
ThisThread::sleep_for(100);
}
deleteOK.wait_all(0x1);
free(iotDev);
IoTHubClient_LL_Destroy(iotHubClientHandle);
powerDown();
ThisThread::sleep_for(300000);
}
return;
}
I know PSM is probably the way to go since powering on/off the device draws a lot of power but it would be useful if someone had an idea of what is happening here.
2) putting the device to PSM between sending messages
The BG96 library in the example code I'm using doesn't have a method to turn on PSM so I tried to implement my own. When I tried to run it, it basically runs into an exception right away so I know it's wrong (I'm very new to embedded development and have no prior experience with AT commands).
/** ----------------------------------------------------------
* this is a method provided by current library
* #brief Tx a string to the BG96 and wait for an OK response
* #param none
* #retval true if OK received, false otherwise
*/
bool BG96::tx2bg96(char* cmd) {
bool ok=false;
_bg96_mutex.lock();
ok=_parser.send(cmd) && _parser.recv("OK");
_bg96_mutex.unlock();
return ok;
}
/**
* method I created in an attempt to use PSM
*/
bool BG96::psm(void) {
return tx2bg96((char*)"AT+CPSMS=1,,,”00000100”,”00000001”");
}
Can someone tell me what I'm doing wrong and provide any guidance on how I can achieve my goal of having my device run on battery for longer?
Thank you!!
I got Power Saving Mode working by using Mbed's ATCmdParser and the AT+QPSMS commands as per Quectel's docs. The modem doesn't always go into power saving mode right away so that should be noted. I also found that I have to restart the modem afterwards or else I get weird behaviour. My code looks something like this:
bool BG96::psm(char* T3412, char* T3324) {
_bg96_mutex.lock();
if(_parser.send("AT+QPSMS=1,,,\"%s\",\"%s\"", T3412, T3324) && _parser.recv("OK")) {
_bg96_mutex.unlock();
}else {
_bg96_mutex.unlock();
return false;
}
return BG96Ready(); }//restarts modem
To send a message to Azure, the modem will need to be manually woken up by driving the PWRKEY to start bi-directional communication, and a new client handle needs to be created and torn down every time since Azure connection uses keepAlive and the modem will be unreachable when it's in PSM.
So for an assignment I have for my Computer Systems class, I need to type characters in the command line when the program runs.
These characters (such as abcd ef) would be stored in argv[].
The parent sends these characters one at a time through a pipe to the child process which then counts the characters and ignores spaces. After all the characters are sent, the child then returns the number of characters that it counted for the parent to report.
When I try to run the program as it is right now, it tells me the value of readIn is 4, the child processed 0 characters and charCounter is 2.
I feel like I'm so close but I'm missing something important :/ The char array for a and in the parent process was an attempt to hardcode the stuff in to see if it worked but I am still unsuccessful. Any help would be greatly appreciated, thank you!
// Characters from command line arguments are sent to child process
// from parent process one at a time through pipe.
//
// Child process counts number of characters sent through pipe.
//
// Child process returns number of characters counted to parent process.
//
// Parent process prints number of characters counted by child process.
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h> // for fork()
#include <sys/types.h> // for pid_t
#include <sys/wait.h> // for waitpid()
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int fd[2];
pid_t pid;
int status;
int charCounter = 0;
int nChar = 0;
char readbuffer[80];
char readIn = 'a';
//char a[] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'};
pipe(fd);
pid = fork();
if (pid < 0) {
printf("fork error %d\n", pid);
return -1;
}
else if (pid == 0) {
// code that runs in the child process
close(fd[1]);
while(readIn != 0)
{
readIn = read(fd[0], readbuffer, sizeof(readbuffer));
printf("The value of readIn is %d\n", readIn);
if(readIn != ' ')
{
charCounter++;
}
}
close(fd[0]);
//open(fd[1]);
//write(fd[1], charCounter, sizeof(charCounter));
printf("The value of charCounter is %d\n", charCounter);
return charCounter;
}
else
{
// code that runs in the parent process
close(fd[0]);
write(fd[1], &argv, sizeof(argv));
//write(fd[1], &a, sizeof(a));
close(fd[1]);
//open(fd[0]);
//nChar = read(fd[0], readbuffer, sizeof(readbuffer));
nChar = charCounter;
printf("CS201 - Assignment 3 - Andy Grill\n");
printf("The child processed %d characters\n\n", nChar);
if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) > 0)
{
if (WIFEXITED(status))
{
}
else if (WIFSIGNALED(status))
{
}
}
return 0;
}
}
You're misusing pipes.
A pipe is a unidirectional communication channel. Either you use it to send data from a parent process to a child process, or to send data from a child process to the parent. You can't do both - even if you kept the pipe's read and write channels open on both processes, each process would never know when it was its turn to read from the pipe (e.g. you could end up reading something in the child that was supposed to be read by the parent).
The code to send the characters from parent to child seems mostly correct (more details below), but you need to redesign child to parent communication. Now, you have two options to send the results from child to parent:
Use another pipe. You set up an additional pipe before forking for child-to-parent communication. This complicates the design and the code, because now you have 4 file descriptors to manage from 2 different pipes, and you need to be careful where you close each file descriptor to make sure processes don't hang. It is also probably a bit overkill because the child is only sending a number to the parent.
Return the result from the child as the exit value. This is what you're doing right now, and it's a good choice. However, you fail to retrieve that information in the parent: the child's termination status tells you the number of characters processed, you can fetch this value with waitpid(2), which you already do, but then you never look at status (which contains the results you're looking for).
Remember that a child process has its own address space. It makes no sense to try to read charCounter in the parent because the parent never modified it. The child process gets its own copy of charCounter, so any modifications are seen by the child only. Your code seems to assume otherwise.
To make this more obvious, I would suggest moving the declarations of variables to the corresponding process code. Only fd and pid need to be copied in both processes, the other variables are specific to the task of each process. So you can move the declarations of status and nChar to the parent process specific code, and you can move charCounter, readbuffer and readIn to the child. This will make it very obvious that the variables are completely independent on each process.
Now, some more specific remarks:
pipe(2) can return an error. You ignore the return value, and you shouldn't. At the very least, you should print an error message and terminate if pipe(2) failed for some reason. I also noticed you report errors in fork(2) with printf("fork error %d\n", pid);. This is not the correct way to do it: fork(2) and other syscalls (and library calls) always return -1 on error and set the errno global variable to indicate the cause. So that printf() will always print fork error -1 no matter what the error cause was. It's not helpful. Also, it prints the error message to stdout, and for a number of reasons, error messages should be printed to stderr instead. So I suggest using perror(3) instead, or manually print the error to stderr with fprintf(3). perror(3) has the added benefit of appending the error message description to the text you feed it, so it's usually a good choice.
Example:
if (pipe(fd) < 0) {
perror("pipe(2) error");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
Other functions that you use throughout the code may also fail, and again, you are ignoring the (possible) error returns. close(2) can fail, as well as read(2). Handle the errors, they are there for a reason.
The way you use readIn is wrong. readIn is the result of read(2), which returns the number of characters read (and it should be an int). The code uses readIn as if it were the next character read. The characters read are stored in readbuffer, and readIn will tell you how many characters are on that buffer. So you use readIn to loop through the buffer contents and count the characters. Something like this:
readIn = read(fd[0], readbuffer, sizeof(readbuffer));
while (readIn > 0) {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < readIn; i++) {
if (readbuffer[i] != ' ') {
charCounter++;
}
}
readIn = read(fd[0], readbuffer, sizeof(readbuffer));
}
Now, about the parent process:
You are not writing the characters into the pipe. This is meaningless:
write(fd[1], &argv, sizeof(argv));
&argv is of type char ***, and sizeof(argv) is the same as sizeof(char **), because argv is a char **. Array dimensions are not kept when passed into a function.
You need to manually loop through argv and write each entry into the pipe, like so:
int i;
for (i = 1; i < argv; i++) {
size_t to_write = strlen(argv[i]);
ssize_t written = write(fd[1], argv[i], to_write);
if (written != to_write) {
if (written < 0)
perror("write(2) error");
else
fprintf(stderr, "Short write detected on argv[%d]: %zd/zd\n", i, written, to_write);
}
}
Note that argv[0] is the name of the program, that's why i starts at 1. If you want to count argv[0] too, just change it to start at 0.
Finally, as I said before, you need to use the termination status fetched by waitpid(2) to get the actual count returned by the child. So you can only print the result after waitpid(2) returned and after making sure the child terminated gracefully. Also, to fetch the actual exit code you need to use the WEXITSTATUS macro (which is only safe to use if WIFEXITED returns true).
So here's the full program with all of these issues addressed:
// Characters from command line arguments are sent to child process
// from parent process one at a time through pipe.
//
// Child process counts number of characters sent through pipe.
//
// Child process returns number of characters counted to parent process.
//
// Parent process prints number of characters counted by child process.
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h> // for strlen()
#include <unistd.h> // for fork()
#include <sys/types.h> // for pid_t
#include <sys/wait.h> // for waitpid()
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int fd[2];
pid_t pid;
if (pipe(fd) < 0) {
perror("pipe(2) error");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
pid = fork();
if (pid < 0) {
perror("fork(2) error");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (pid == 0) {
int readIn;
int charCounter = 0;
char readbuffer[80];
if (close(fd[1]) < 0) {
perror("close(2) failed on pipe's write channel");
/* We use abort() here so that the child terminates with SIGABRT
* and the parent knows that the exit code is not meaningful
*/
abort();
}
readIn = read(fd[0], readbuffer, sizeof(readbuffer));
while (readIn > 0) {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < readIn; i++) {
if (readbuffer[i] != ' ') {
charCounter++;
}
}
readIn = read(fd[0], readbuffer, sizeof(readbuffer));
}
if (readIn < 0) {
perror("read(2) error");
}
printf("The value of charCounter is %d\n", charCounter);
return charCounter;
} else {
int status;
if (close(fd[0]) < 0) {
perror("close(2) failed on pipe's read channel");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
int i;
for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
size_t to_write = strlen(argv[i]);
ssize_t written = write(fd[1], argv[i], to_write);
if (written != to_write) {
if (written < 0) {
perror("write(2) error");
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "Short write detected on argv[%d]: %zd/%zd\n", i, written, to_write);
}
}
}
if (close(fd[1]) < 0) {
perror("close(2) failed on pipe's write channel on parent");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0) {
perror("waitpid(2) error");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
printf("CS201 - Assignment 3 - Andy Grill\n");
printf("The child processed %d characters\n\n", WEXITSTATUS(status));
} else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Child terminated abnormally with signal %d\n", WTERMSIG(status));
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "Unknown child termination status\n");
}
return 0;
}
}
Some final notes:
The shell splits arguments by spaces, so if you start the program as ./a.out this is a test, the code will not see a single space. This is irrelevant, because spaces are supposed to be ignored anyway, but if you want to test that the code really ignores spaces, you need to quote the parameters so that the shell does not process them, as in ./a.out "this is a test" "hello world" "lalala".
Only the rightmost (least significant) 8 bits of a program's exit code are used, so WEXITSTATUS will never return more than 255. If the child reads more than 255 characters, the value will wrap around, so you effectively have a character counter modulo 256. If this is a problem, then you need to go with the other approach and set up a 2nd pipe for child-to-parent communication and write the result there (and have the parent read it). You can confirm this on man 2 waitpid:
WEXITSTATUS(status)
returns the exit status of the child. This consists of the least
significant 8 bits of the status argument that the child
specified in a call to exit(3) or _exit(2) or as the argument for a return
statement in main(). This macro should be employed only if
WIFEXITED returned true.
I am tryign to code an extremely simple GStreamer app. It doesn't matter what it does, so long as GStreamer does something. Even just displaying some text or a simple JPEG would be fine.
Below is about the best example that I could find by Googling (I have added a few error checks). When I run it in a Linux Virtual Machine running under Windows, I see this console message:
libEGL warning: pci id for fd 4: 80ee:beef, driver (null)
libEGL warning: DRI2: failed to open vboxvideo (search paths
/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/dri:${ORIGIN}/dri:/usr/lib/dri)
Googling indicates that this is an error with 3D rendering inside a virtual machine. I can find no solution.
So, can someone fix the code below so that it will run in a VM? I assume that that would mean avoiding 3D rendering, so maybe display an image or some text? It is not necessary to play video, this is just a simple proof of concept of using GStreamer inside something else (which has to be running in a VM).
Here's the code ...
void GstreamerPlayVideo()
{
GstElement *pipeline;
GstBus *bus;
GstMessage *msg;
int argc;
GError *error = NULL;
/* Initialize GStreamer */
if (gst_init_check(&argc, NULL, &error) == TRUE)
{
/* Build the pipeline */
// Change URL to test failure
pipeline = gst_parse_launch ("bin uri=http://docs.gstreamer.com/media/sintel_trailer-480p.webm", &error);
//// pipeline = gst_parse_launch ("bin uri=http://tecfa.unige.ch/guides/x3d/www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/HelloWorld.gif", &error);
if (pipeline != NULL)
{
/* Start playing */
gst_element_set_state (pipeline, GST_STATE_PLAYING);
/* wait until it's up and running or failed */
if (gst_element_get_state (pipeline, NULL, NULL, -1) == GST_STATE_CHANGE_FAILURE)
{
g_error ("GST failed to go into PLAYING state");
exit(1);
}
/* Wait until error or EOS */
bus = gst_element_get_bus (pipeline);
if (bus != NULL)
{
msg = gst_bus_timed_pop_filtered (bus, GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE, GST_MESSAGE_ERROR | GST_MESSAGE_EOS);
/* Parse message */
if (msg != NULL)
{
gchar *debug_info;
switch (GST_MESSAGE_TYPE (msg))
{
case GST_MESSAGE_ERROR:
gst_message_parse_error (msg, &error, &debug_info);
g_printerr ("Error received from element %s: %s\n", GST_OBJECT_NAME (msg->src), error->message);
g_printerr ("Debugging information: %s\n", debug_info ? debug_info : "none");
g_clear_error (&error);
g_free (debug_info);
break;
case GST_MESSAGE_EOS:
g_print ("End-Of-Stream reached.\n");
break;
default:
/* We should not reach here because we only asked for ERRORs and EOS */
g_printerr ("Unexpected message received.\n");
break;
}
gst_message_unref (msg);
}
/* Free resources */
gst_object_unref (bus);
gst_element_set_state (pipeline, GST_STATE_NULL);
gst_object_unref (pipeline);
}
else
{
g_print ("GST get bus error: %s\n", error->message);
exit(1);
}
}
else
{
g_print ("GST parse error: %s\n", error->message);
exit(1);
}
}
else
{
g_print ("GST init error: %s\n", error->message);
exit(1);
}
} // GstreamerPlayVideo()
Try specifying a video sink by hand in your pipeline.
videotestsrc ! ximagesink
Your system may have an EGL video sink plugin installed as the primary video plugin. ximagesink seems a little more likely to work.
Like this:
//this line is where you're creating your pipeline
pipeline = gst_parse_launch ("videotestsrc ! ximagesink", &error);
I recommend experimenting with the gst-launch command first so you can get a hang of pipeline syntax, what sinks and sources are, etc. The simplest test you can run is something like this (if you have gstreamer 1.0 installed, you may have 0.10), from the command line:
gst-launch-1.0 videotestsrc ! autovideosink
This is a follow-up to this previous question of mine, for which the conclusion was that the program was erroneous, and therefore the expected behavior was undefined.
What I'm trying to create here is a simple error-handling mechanism, for which I use that Irecv request for the empty message as an "abort handle", attaching it to my normal MPI_Wait call (and turning it into MPI_WaitAny), in order to allow me to unblock process 1 in case an error occurs on process 0 and it can no longer reach the point where it's supposed to post the matching MPI_Recv.
What's happening is that, due to internal message buffering, the MPI_Isend may succeed right away, without the other process being able to post the matching MPI_Recv. So there's no way of canceling it anymore.
I was hoping that once all processes call MPI_Comm_free I can just forget about that message once and for all, but, as it turns out, that's not the case. Instead, it's being delivered to the MPI_Recv in the following communicator.
So my questions are:
Is this also an erroneous program, or is it a bug in the MPI implementation (Intel MPI 4.0.3)?
If I turn my MPI_Isend calls into MPI_Issend, the program works as expected - can I at least in that case rest assured that the program is correct?
Am I reinventing the wheel here? Is there a simpler way to achieve this?
Again, any feedback is much appreciated!
#include "stdio.h"
#include "unistd.h"
#include "mpi.h"
#include "time.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
int rank, size;
MPI_Group group;
MPI_Comm my_comm;
srand(time(NULL));
MPI_Init(&argc, &argv);
MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &rank);
MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &size);
MPI_Comm_group(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &group);
MPI_Comm_create(MPI_COMM_WORLD, group, &my_comm);
if (rank == 0) printf("created communicator %d\n", my_comm);
if (rank == 1) {
MPI_Request req[2];
int msg = 123, which;
MPI_Isend(&msg, 1, MPI_INT, 0, 0, my_comm, &req[0]);
MPI_Irecv(NULL, 0, MPI_INT, 0, 0, my_comm, &req[1]);
MPI_Waitany(2, req, &which, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
MPI_Barrier(my_comm);
if (which == 0) {
printf("rank 1: send succeed; cancelling abort handle\n");
MPI_Cancel(&req[1]);
MPI_Wait(&req[1], MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
} else {
printf("rank 1: send aborted; cancelling send request\n");
MPI_Cancel(&req[0]);
MPI_Wait(&req[0], MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
}
} else {
MPI_Request req;
int msg, r = rand() % 2;
if (r) {
printf("rank 0: receiving message\n");
MPI_Recv(&msg, 1, MPI_INT, 1, 0, my_comm, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
} else {
printf("rank 0: sending abort message\n");
MPI_Isend(NULL, 0, MPI_INT, 1, 0, my_comm, &req);
}
MPI_Barrier(my_comm);
if (!r) {
MPI_Cancel(&req);
MPI_Wait(&req, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE);
}
}
if (rank == 0) printf("freeing communicator %d\n", my_comm);
MPI_Comm_free(&my_comm);
sleep(2);
MPI_Comm_create(MPI_COMM_WORLD, group, &my_comm);
if (rank == 0) printf("created communicator %d\n", my_comm);
if (rank == 0) {
MPI_Request req;
MPI_Status status;
int msg, cancelled;
MPI_Irecv(&msg, 1, MPI_INT, 1, 0, my_comm, &req);
sleep(1);
MPI_Cancel(&req);
MPI_Wait(&req, &status);
MPI_Test_cancelled(&status, &cancelled);
if (cancelled) {
printf("rank 0: receive cancelled\n");
} else {
printf("rank 0: OLD MESSAGE RECEIVED!!!\n");
}
}
if (rank == 0) printf("freeing communicator %d\n", my_comm);
MPI_Comm_free(&my_comm);
MPI_Finalize();
return 0;
}
outputs:
created communicator -2080374784
rank 0: sending abort message
rank 1: send succeed; cancelling abort handle
freeing communicator -2080374784
created communicator -2080374784
rank 0: STRAY MESSAGE RECEIVED!!!
freeing communicator -2080374784
As mentioned in one of the above comments by #kraffenetti, this is an erroneous program because the sent messages are not being matched by receives. Even though the messages are cancelled, they still need to have a matching receive on the remote side because it's possible that the cancel might not be successful for sent messages due to the fact that they were already sent before the cancel can be completed (which is the case here).
This question started a thread on this on a ticket for MPICH, which you can find here that has more details.
I tried to build your code using open mpi and it did not work. mpicc complained about status.cancelled
error: ‘MPI_Status’ has no member named ‘cancelled’
I suppose this is a feature of intel mpi. What happens if you switch for :
...
int flag;
MPI_Test_cancelled(&status, &flag);
if (flag) {
...
This gives the expected output using open mpi (and it makes your code less dependant). Is it the case using intel mpi ?
We need an expert to tell us what is status.cancelled in intel mpi, because i don't know anything about it !
Edit : i tested my answer many times and i found that the output was random, sometimes correct, sometimes not. Sorry for that... As if something in status was not set. Part of the answer may be in MPI_Wait(), http://www.mpich.org/static/docs/v3.1/www3/MPI_Wait.html ,
" The MPI_ERROR field of the status return is only set if the return from the MPI routine is MPI_ERR_IN_STATUS. That error class is only returned by the routines that take an array of status arguments (MPI_Testall, MPI_Testsome, MPI_Waitall, and MPI_Waitsome). In all other cases, the value of the MPI_ERROR field in the status is unchanged. See section 3.2.5 in the MPI-1.1 specification for the exact text. " If MPI_Test_cancelled() makes use of the MPI_ERROR, things might get bad.
So here is the trick : use MPI_Waitall(1,&req, &status) ! The output is correct at last !
I am currently working at a logger that uses a MSP430F2618 MCU and SanDisk 4GB SDHC Card.
Card initialization works as expected, I also can read MBR and FAT table.
The problem is that I can't write any data on it. I have checked if it is write protected by notch, but it's not. Windows 7 OS has no problem reading/writing to it.
Though, I have used a tool called "HxD" and I've tried to alter some sectors (under Windows). When I try to save the content to SD card, the tool pop up a windows telling me "Access denied!".
Then I came back to my code for writing to SD card:
uint8_t SdWriteBlock(uchar_t *blockData, const uint32_t address)
{
uint8_t result = OP_ERROR;
uint16_t count;
uchar_t dataResp;
uint8_t idx;
for (idx = RWTIMEOUT; idx > 0; idx--)
{
CS_LOW();
SdCommand(CMD24, address, 0xFF);
dataResp = SdResponse();
if (dataResp == 0x00)
{
break;
}
else
{
CS_HIGH();
SdWrite(0xFF);
}
}
if (0x00 == dataResp)
{
//send command success, now send data starting with DATA TOKEN = 0xFE
SdWrite(0xFE);
//send 512 bytes of data
for (count = 0; count < 512; count++)
{
SdWrite(*blockData++);
}
//now send tow CRC bytes ,through it is not used in the spi mode
//but it is still needed in transfer format
SdWrite(0xFF);
SdWrite(0xFF);
//now read in the DATA RESPONSE TOKEN
do
{
SdWrite(0xFF);
dataResp = SdRead();
}
while (dataResp == 0x00);
//following the DATA RESPONSE TOKEN are a number of BUSY bytes
//a zero byte indicates the SD/MMC is busy programing,
//a non_zero byte indicates SD/MMC is not busy
dataResp = dataResp & 0x0F;
if (0x05 == dataResp)
{
idx = RWTIMEOUT;
do
{
SdWrite(0xFF);
dataResp = SdRead();
if (0x0 == dataResp)
{
result = OP_OK;
break;
}
idx--;
}
while (idx != 0);
CS_HIGH();
SdWrite(0xFF);
}
else
{
CS_HIGH();
SdWrite(0xFF);
}
}
return result;
}
The problem seems to be when I am waiting for card status:
do
{
SdWrite(0xFF);
dataResp = SdRead();
}
while (dataResp == 0x00);
Here I am waiting for a response of type "X5"(hex value) where X is undefined.
But most of the cases the response is 0x00 (hex value) and I don't get out of the loop. Few cases are when the response is 0xFF (hex value).
I can't figure out what is the problem.
Can anyone help me? Thanks!
4GB SDHC
We need to see much more of your code. Many µC SPI codebases only support SD cards <= 2 GB, so using a smaller card might work.
You might check it yourself: SDHC needs a CMD 8 and an ACMD 41 after the CMD 0 (GO_IDLE_STATE) command, otherwise you cannot read or write data to it.
Thank you for your answers, but I solved my problem. It was a problem of timing. I had to put a delay at specific points.