I was looking to be able to turn any UIColor into a gradient. The way I am intending to do this is by using Core Graphics to draw a gradient. What I am trying to do is to get a color, lets say:
[UIColor colorWithRed:0.5 green:0.5 blue:0.5 alpha:1.0];
and get a UIColor which is a few shades darker and a few shades lighter. Does anyone know how to do this? Thank you.
- (UIColor *)lighterColorForColor:(UIColor *)c
{
CGFloat r, g, b, a;
if ([c getRed:&r green:&g blue:&b alpha:&a])
return [UIColor colorWithRed:MIN(r + 0.2, 1.0)
green:MIN(g + 0.2, 1.0)
blue:MIN(b + 0.2, 1.0)
alpha:a];
return nil;
}
- (UIColor *)darkerColorForColor:(UIColor *)c
{
CGFloat r, g, b, a;
if ([c getRed:&r green:&g blue:&b alpha:&a])
return [UIColor colorWithRed:MAX(r - 0.2, 0.0)
green:MAX(g - 0.2, 0.0)
blue:MAX(b - 0.2, 0.0)
alpha:a];
return nil;
}
Use it like this:
UIColor *baseColor = // however you obtain your color
UIColor *lighterColor = [self lighterColorForColor:baseColor];
UIColor *darkerColor = [self darkerColorForColor:baseColor];
EDIT: as #Anchu Chimala pointed out, for maximum flexibility, these methods should be implemented as an UIColor category. Also, from #Riley's idea, it may be a better idea to make the color proprtionally darker or lighter instead of adding or subtracting constant values. As #jrturton pointed out, it's not necessary to manipulate the RGB components; it's better to modify the brightness property itself. All in all:
#implementation UIColor (LightAndDark)
- (UIColor *)lighterColor
{
CGFloat h, s, b, a;
if ([self getHue:&h saturation:&s brightness:&b alpha:&a])
return [UIColor colorWithHue:h
saturation:s
brightness:MIN(b * 1.3, 1.0)
alpha:a];
return nil;
}
- (UIColor *)darkerColor
{
CGFloat h, s, b, a;
if ([self getHue:&h saturation:&s brightness:&b alpha:&a])
return [UIColor colorWithHue:h
saturation:s
brightness:b * 0.75
alpha:a];
return nil;
}
#end
TL;DR:
Swift:
extension UIColor {
var lighterColor: UIColor {
return lighterColor(removeSaturation: 0.5, resultAlpha: -1)
}
func lighterColor(removeSaturation val: CGFloat, resultAlpha alpha: CGFloat) -> UIColor {
var h: CGFloat = 0, s: CGFloat = 0
var b: CGFloat = 0, a: CGFloat = 0
guard getHue(&h, saturation: &s, brightness: &b, alpha: &a)
else {return self}
return UIColor(hue: h,
saturation: max(s - val, 0.0),
brightness: b,
alpha: alpha == -1 ? a : alpha)
}
}
Usage:
let lightColor = somethingDark.lighterColor
Objective-C:
- (UIColor *)lighterColorRemoveSaturation:(CGFloat)removeS
resultAlpha:(CGFloat)alpha {
CGFloat h,s,b,a;
if ([self getHue:&h saturation:&s brightness:&b alpha:&a]) {
return [UIColor colorWithHue:h
saturation:MAX(s - removeS, 0.0)
brightness:b
alpha:alpha == -1? a:alpha];
}
return nil;
}
- (UIColor *)lighterColor {
return [self lighterColorRemoveSaturation:0.5
resultAlpha:-1];
}
#rchampourlier was right in his comment to #user529758 (The accepted answer) - The HSB (Or HSV) and RGB solutions give completely different results. RGB just adds (Or makes the color closer to) white, and the HSB solution brings the color closer to the edge in the Brigtness scale - which basically start with black and ends with the pure color...
Basically Brightness (Value) makes the color less or more closer to black, where Saturation makes it less or more closer to white...
As seen here:
So the solution to make a color actually brighter (i.e. closer to white...) will be to make it's Saturation value smaller, resulting this solution:
- (UIColor *)lighterColor {
CGFloat h,s,b,a;
if ([self getHue:&h saturation:&s brightness:&b alpha:&a]) {
return [UIColor colorWithHue:h
saturation:MAX(s - 0.3, 0.0)
brightness:b /*MIN(b * 1.3, 1.0)*/
alpha:a];
}
return nil;
}
Swift universal extension for iOS and OS X, using getHue :
#if os(OSX)
import Cocoa
public typealias PXColor = NSColor
#else
import UIKit
public typealias PXColor = UIColor
#endif
extension PXColor {
func lighter(amount : CGFloat = 0.25) -> PXColor {
return hueColorWithBrightnessAmount(1 + amount)
}
func darker(amount : CGFloat = 0.25) -> PXColor {
return hueColorWithBrightnessAmount(1 - amount)
}
private func hueColorWithBrightnessAmount(amount: CGFloat) -> PXColor {
var hue : CGFloat = 0
var saturation : CGFloat = 0
var brightness : CGFloat = 0
var alpha : CGFloat = 0
#if os(iOS)
if getHue(&hue, saturation: &saturation, brightness: &brightness, alpha: &alpha) {
return PXColor( hue: hue,
saturation: saturation,
brightness: brightness * amount,
alpha: alpha )
} else {
return self
}
#else
getHue(&hue, saturation: &saturation, brightness: &brightness, alpha: &alpha)
return PXColor( hue: hue,
saturation: saturation,
brightness: brightness * amount,
alpha: alpha )
#endif
}
}
Usage :
let color = UIColor(red: 0.5, green: 0.8, blue: 0.8, alpha: 1.0)
color.lighter(amount:0.5)
color.darker(amount:0.5)
OR (with the default values):
color.lighter()
color.darker()
Sample :
I just wanted to give the same result, in RGB, than
placing the color with alpha x% over a white background to lighten
placing the color with alpha x% over a black background to darken
Which gives the same result, AFAIK, than picking the color in a gradient 'color to white' or 'color to black', at x% of the gradient size.
For that purpose, the math is simple:
extension UIColor {
func mix(with color: UIColor, amount: CGFloat) -> UIColor {
var red1: CGFloat = 0
var green1: CGFloat = 0
var blue1: CGFloat = 0
var alpha1: CGFloat = 0
var red2: CGFloat = 0
var green2: CGFloat = 0
var blue2: CGFloat = 0
var alpha2: CGFloat = 0
getRed(&red1, green: &green1, blue: &blue1, alpha: &alpha1)
color.getRed(&red2, green: &green2, blue: &blue2, alpha: &alpha2)
return UIColor(
red: red1 * (1.0 - amount) + red2 * amount,
green: green1 * (1.0 - amount) + green2 * amount,
blue: blue1 * (1.0 - amount) + blue2 * amount,
alpha: alpha1
)
}
}
Here are examples with some colors
user529758's solution in Swift:
Darker color:
func darkerColorForColor(color: UIColor) -> UIColor {
var r:CGFloat = 0, g:CGFloat = 0, b:CGFloat = 0, a:CGFloat = 0
if color.getRed(&r, green: &g, blue: &b, alpha: &a){
return UIColor(red: max(r - 0.2, 0.0), green: max(g - 0.2, 0.0), blue: max(b - 0.2, 0.0), alpha: a)
}
return UIColor()
}
Lighter color:
func lighterColorForColor(color: UIColor) -> UIColor {
var r:CGFloat = 0, g:CGFloat = 0, b:CGFloat = 0, a:CGFloat = 0
if color.getRed(&r, green: &g, blue: &b, alpha: &a){
return UIColor(red: min(r + 0.2, 1.0), green: min(g + 0.2, 1.0), blue: min(b + 0.2, 1.0), alpha: a)
}
return UIColor()
}
If you convert the RGB color to the HSL color model then you can vary the L = lightness component from L = 0.0 (black) over L = 0.5 (natural color) to L = 1.0 (white) . UIColor cannot handle HSL directly, but there are formula for converting RGB <-> HSL.
All other answers in this thread use either the RGB color system or simply change the hue or brightness value of the HSB system. As explained in detail in this great blog post the correct way of making a color lighter or darker is to change its luminance value. None of the other answers does that. If you want to do it right, then use my solution or write your own after reading the blog post.
Unfortunately it's quite a hassle to change any of the attributes of a UIColor by default. Also Apple doesn't even support any LAB-based color space like HCL in the UIColor class (the L in LAB is the luminance value we are looking for).
Using HandyUIKit (install it via Carthage) adds support for HCL and makes your life a lot easier:
import HandyUIKit
let color = UIColor(red: 0.5, green: 0.5, blue: 0.5, alpha: 1.0)
// create a new UIColor object with a specific luminance (slightly lighter)
color.change(.luminance, to: 0.7)
There is also an option to apply a relative change (recommended):
// create a new UIColor object with slightly darker color
color.change(.luminance, by: -0.2)
Note that HandyUIKit also adds some other handy UI features into your project – checkout its README on GitHub for more details.
I hope it helps!
Disclaimer: I'm the author of HandyUIKit.
None of the solutions posted quite worked for all colours and shades, but then I stumbled across this library which provides a set of very well implemented extensions to UIColor.
Specifically it has a lighten function as part of its HSL implementation: (UIColor *)lighten:(CGFloat)amount - which works perfectly.
Sebyddd solution as an extension:
extension UIColor {
func darker() -> UIColor {
var r:CGFloat = 0, g:CGFloat = 0, b:CGFloat = 0, a:CGFloat = 0
if self.getRed(&r, green: &g, blue: &b, alpha: &a){
return UIColor(red: max(r - 0.2, 0.0), green: max(g - 0.2, 0.0), blue: max(b - 0.2, 0.0), alpha: a)
}
return UIColor()
}
func lighter() -> UIColor {
var r:CGFloat = 0, g:CGFloat = 0, b:CGFloat = 0, a:CGFloat = 0
if self.getRed(&r, green: &g, blue: &b, alpha: &a){
return UIColor(red: min(r + 0.2, 1.0), green: min(g + 0.2, 1.0), blue: min(b + 0.2, 1.0), alpha: a)
}
return UIColor()
}
}
Usage:
let darkerYellow = UIColor.yellow.darker()
let lighterYellow = UIColor.yellow.lighter()
Swift 5
extension UIColor {
func lighter(by percentage:CGFloat=30.0) -> UIColor? {
return self.adjust(by: abs(percentage) )
}
func darker(by percentage:CGFloat=30.0) -> UIColor? {
return self.adjust(by: -1 * abs(percentage) )
}
func adjust(by percentage:CGFloat=30.0) -> UIColor? {
var r:CGFloat=0, g:CGFloat=0, b:CGFloat=0, a:CGFloat=0;
if self.getRed(&r, green: &g, blue: &b, alpha: &a) {
return UIColor(red: min(r + percentage/100, 1.0),
green: min(g + percentage/100, 1.0),
blue: min(b + percentage/100, 1.0),
alpha: a)
} else {
return nil
}
}
}
If you want user529758's solution to work with gray shades (like [UIColor lightGrayColor] or [UIColor darkGrayColor] you have to improve it like that:
- (UIColor *)lighterColor
{
CGFloat h, s, b, a;
if ([self getHue:&h saturation:&s brightness:&b alpha:&a]) {
return [UIColor colorWithHue:h
saturation:s
brightness:MIN(b * 1.3, 1.0)
alpha:a];
}
CGFloat white, alpha;
if ([self getWhite:&white alpha:&alpha]) {
white = MIN(1.3*white, 1.0);
return [UIColor colorWithWhite:white alpha:alpha];
}
return nil;
}
getHue:saturation:brightness:alpha fails (and returns false) when called on a gray shade therefore you'll need to use getWhite:alpha.
UIColor extension and fixing lighterColorForColor
extension UIColor {
class func darkerColorForColor(color: UIColor) -> UIColor {
var r:CGFloat = 0, g:CGFloat = 0, b:CGFloat = 0, a:CGFloat = 0
if color.getRed(&r, green: &g, blue: &b, alpha: &a){
return UIColor(red: max(r - 0.2, 0.0), green: max(g - 0.2, 0.0), blue: max(b - 0.2, 0.0), alpha: a)
}
return UIColor()
}
class func lighterColorForColor(color: UIColor) -> UIColor {
var r:CGFloat = 0, g:CGFloat = 0, b:CGFloat = 0, a:CGFloat = 0
if color.getRed(&r, green: &g, blue: &b, alpha: &a){
let tmpColor = UIColor(red: min(r + 0.2, 1.0), green: min(g + 0.2, 1.0), blue: min(b + 0.2, 1.0), alpha: a)
println(tmpColor)
return tmpColor
}
return UIColor()
}
}
I'm not sure if you're looking for some sort of Objective-C answer, but based on how colors specified by RGBA work, I think you can simply scale the RGB values according to an arbitrary factor to get a "lighter" or "darker" shade. For example, you might have a blue:
[UIColor colorWithRed:0.0 green:0.0 blue:1.0 alpha:1.0];
Want a darker blue? Multiply the RGB values by 0.9:
[UIColor colorWithRed:0.0 green:0.0 blue:0.9 alpha:1.0];
Voila. Or maybe you have an orange:
[UIColor colorWithRed:1.0 green:0.4 blue:0.0 alpha:1.0];
Choose another scale factor, say, 0.8:
[UIColor colorWithRed:0.8 green:0.32 blue:0.0 alpha:1.0];
Is that the sort of effect you're looking for?
Tested in Xcode 10 with Swift 4.x for iOS 12
Start with your color as a UIColor and pick a darkening factor (as a CGFloat)
let baseColor = UIColor.red
let darkenFactor: CGFloat = 2
The type CGColor has an optional value components which break down the color into RGBA (as a CGFloat array with values between 0 and 1). You can then reconstruct a UIColor using RGBA values taken from the CGColor and manipulate them.
let darkenedBase = UIColor(displayP3Red: startColor.cgColor.components![0] / darkenFactor, green: startColor.cgColor.components![1] / darkenFactor, blue: startColor.cgColor.components![2] / darkenFactor, alpha: 1)
In this example, each of the RGB valuse were divided by 2, making the color half as dark as it was before. The alpha value remained the same, but you could alternatively apply the darken factor on the alpha value rather than the RGB.
Ideally, the functions should be encapsulated inside a UIColor extension called, UIColor+Brightness.swift, and have a configurable brightness - see example below:
import UIKit
extension UIColor {
func lighterColorWithBrightnessFactor(brightnessFactor:CGFloat) -> UIColor {
var r:CGFloat = 0, g:CGFloat = 0, b:CGFloat = 0, a:CGFloat = 0
if self.getRed(&r, green:&g, blue:&b, alpha:&a) {
return UIColor(red:min(r + brightnessFactor, 1.0),
green:min(g + brightnessFactor, 1.0),
blue:min(b + brightnessFactor, 1.0),
alpha:a)
}
return UIColor()
}
}
I render coloured cells based on a status value:
For this I wrote a swift extension based on some old objc code after I got an error using CryingHippo's suggestion:
extension UIColor{
func darker(darker: CGFloat) -> UIColor{
var red: CGFloat = 0.0
var green: CGFloat = 0.0
var blue: CGFloat = 0.0
if self.colorSpace == UIColorSpace.genericGrayColorSpace(){
red = whiteComponent - darker
green = whiteComponent - darker
blue = whiteComponent - darker
} else {
red = redComponent - darker
green = greenComponent - darker
blue = blueComponent - darker
}
if red < 0{
green += red/2
blue += red/2
}
if green < 0{
red += green/2
blue += green/2
}
if blue < 0{
green += blue/2
red += blue/2
}
return UIColor(
calibratedRed: red,
green: green,
blue: blue,
alpha: alphaComponent
)
}
func lighter(lighter: CGFloat) -> UIColor{
return darker(-lighter)
}
}
The same works for NSColor as well. Simply replace UIColor with NSColor.
Here is a UIColor category that also allows control over the amount of color change.
- (UIColor *)lighterColorWithDelta:(CGFloat)delta
{
CGFloat r, g, b, a;
if ([self getRed:&r green:&g blue:&b alpha:&a])
return [UIColor colorWithRed:MIN(r + delta, 1.0)
green:MIN(g + delta, 1.0)
blue:MIN(b + delta, 1.0)
alpha:a];
return nil;
}
- (UIColor *)darkerColorWithDelta:(CGFloat)delta
{
CGFloat r, g, b, a;
if ([self getRed:&r green:&g blue:&b alpha:&a])
return [UIColor colorWithRed:MAX(r - delta, 0.0)
green:MAX(g - delta, 0.0)
blue:MAX(b - delta, 0.0)
alpha:a];
return nil;
}
A Swift extension based on #Sebyddd answer:
import Foundation
import UIKit
extension UIColor{
func colorWith(brightness: CGFloat) -> UIColor{
var r:CGFloat = 0, g:CGFloat = 0, b:CGFloat = 0, a:CGFloat = 0
if getRed(&r, green: &g, blue: &b, alpha: &a){
return UIColor(red: max(r + brightness, 0.0), green: max(g + brightness, 0.0), blue: max(b + brightness, 0.0), alpha: a)
}
return UIColor()
}
}
for darker color, this is the simplest:
theColor = [theColor shadowWithLevel:s]; //s:0.0 to 1.0
I want to draw a moving sine wave with variable frequency and variable amplitude in a crisp and anti-aliased way. How is this possible?
Well, I implemented sine wave into the UIView drawrect method as follows :
float x=75;
float yc=50;
float w=0;
while (w<=rect.frame.size.width) {
CGPathMoveToPoint(path, nil, w,y/2);
CGPathAddQuadCurveToPoint(path, nil, w+x/4, -yc,w+ x/2, y/2);
CGPathMoveToPoint(path, nil, w+x/2,y/2);
CGPathAddQuadCurveToPoint(path, nil, w+3*x/4, y+yc, w+x, y/2);
CGContextAddPath(context, path);
CGContextDrawPath(context, kCGPathStroke);
w+=x;
}
Here x would be the width of each sine wave, while y is the height of the frame. This would draw number of sine waves to fit in the whole UIViewFrame. It would produce crisp looking sine wave and yc being control handle. Try it you might like it.
If the width ie. x is similar to the width of the frame then a single sine wave will be produced.
Number of complete sine wave = (width of frame) / ('x' width of each sine wave)
Made a more complete, and swift version of GeneratorOfOne's version. This one also fills the bottom of the wave with a chosen color:
class WaveView: UIView {
private var maskPath: UIBezierPath!
#IBInspectable var fillColor: UIColor = UIColor.blueColor()
#IBInspectable var cycles: CGFloat = 7
override func drawRect(rect: CGRect) {
var w: CGFloat = 0 // Starting position
let width = rect.width
let y: CGFloat = rect.height
let yc: CGFloat = rect.height / 2
let x = width/cycles
let context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
CGContextSetFillColorWithColor(context, UIColor.greenColor().CGColor);
let path = CGPathCreateMutable();
CGPathMoveToPoint(path, nil, 0, 0)
while (w<=rect.width) {
CGPathMoveToPoint(path, nil, w,y/2);
CGPathAddQuadCurveToPoint(path, nil, w+x/4, -yc, (w+x/2), y/2);
CGPathMoveToPoint(path, nil, w+x/2,y/2);
CGPathAddQuadCurveToPoint(path, nil, w+3*x/4, y+yc, w+x, y/2);
w+=x;
}
CGPathAddLineToPoint(path, nil, rect.width, rect.height)
CGPathAddLineToPoint(path, nil, 0, rect.height)
CGPathAddLineToPoint(path, nil, 0, y/2);
CGPathCloseSubpath(path)
maskPath = UIBezierPath(CGPath: path)
maskPath.lineCapStyle = CGLineCap.Square
maskPath.lineJoinStyle = CGLineJoin.Miter
CGContextAddPath(context, path);
CGContextSetFillColorWithColor(context, fillColor.CGColor)
CGContextFillPath(context)
}
}