MultiThreaded solution to avoid DialogBox pausing execution - vb.net

I am currently automating a series of calls to a library in VB.NET consoleApplication. The functioncalls usually require a series of user selected inputs. My problem with this is that a set of these functions create a programmatically inaccessible DialogBox instance and pauses the execution of the program until they have been interacted with.
Right now I have tried to solve this problem by using multiple threads according to the code below.
Public Sub StartFormFunction(ByVal inputValue As String)
frameWork.showHiddenDialogBox(inputValue)
End Sub
Public Sub threadFunction(ByValue inputValue As String)
Dim nrOfOpenForms As Integer = Application.OpenForms.Count()
Try
Dim t As New Thread(New ParameterizedThreadStart(AddressOf StartFormFunction))
t.Priority = Threading.ThreadPriority.Highest
t.Start(inputValue)
'Wait until the prompt has been created.
While (Application.OpenForms.Count() = nrOfOpenForms) And (t.IsAlive)
End While
if Not t.IsAlive Then
log.Error("Thread did not open dialogBox")
Return
End If
'Select preffered button on dialogBox
Dim isFinished As Boolean = False
For Each curForm As Form In Application.OpenForms
For Each btn As Button In curForm.Controls.OfType(Of Button)
If btn.Name = "Button3" Then
btn.PerformClick()
isFinished = True
Exit For
End If
Next
if isFinished Then
Exit For
End If
Next
'Wait until thread completed Function
While t.IsAlive
End While
Catch ex As Exception
log.Error("Thread Error")
End Try
End Sub
I have not found a way to use Control.Invoke() in a console application yet and is because of this the reason it is not used.
The way I can get my code to be able to execute completely is to disable CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls which I am trying to avoid.
Is it possible to solve the problem of accessing a DialogBox without using multiple threads? If not, is the problem solvable by invoking the subcall?
EDIT
Some of my description might have been lacking in detailed information.
My problem is that my application run a method showHiddenDialogBox(), that run a set of instructions in a class that is kept out of scope from my code. This inaccessible class displays a form when all functionality have been executed. When this form is shown the application pause all execution of code until a user is promoting a input.
This makes it necessary to use multiple threads to get around. However this new thread will own this form while it is displayed an all of the content. This included in the buttons that I would need the other thread to access.

Dont use "CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls", just invoke a control with this code:
'Insert this in a module
<Runtime.CompilerServices.Extension()>
Public Sub InvokeCustom(ByVal Control As Control, ByVal Action As Action)
If Control.InvokeRequired Then Control.Invoke(New MethodInvoker(Sub() Action()), Nothing) Else Action.Invoke()
End Sub
The call this sub for every control in a thread
textbox1.InvokeCustom(sub() textbox1.text = "abc")

Related

How can I run code in a background thread and still access the UI?

I made a file search program in visual studio on windows 10 using .net lang,
My problem starts from form1 with a "dim frm2 as form2 = new form2" call,
after the new form being shown i start a while loop on form1 that feeds data into a listbox in form 2:
1)form1 call form2 and show it.
2)form1 start a while loop.
3)inside the while loop data being fed to listbox1 in frm2
Now everything works on windows 10, the while loop can run as much as it needs without any trouble, the window can loose focus and regain focus without showing any "Not Responding.." msgs or white\black screens..
But, when i take the software to my friend computer which is running windows 7, install all required frameworks and visual studio itself, run it from the .sln in debug mode, and do the same search on the same folder the results are:
1) the while loop runs smoothly as long as form 2 dont loose focus
(something that doesnt happen on windows 10)
2) when i click anywhere on the screen the software loose focus what
causes 1) to happen (black screen\white screen\not responding etc..)
3) if i wait the time needed for the loop and dont click anywhere else
it keeps running smoohtly, updating a label like it should with the
amount of files found.. and even finish the loop with 100% success
(again unless i click somewhere)
Code Example:
Sub ScanButtonInForm1()
Dim frm2 As Form2 = New Form2
frm2.Show()
Dim AlreadyScanned As HashSet(Of String) = New HashSet(Of String)
Dim stack As New Stack(Of String)
stack.Push("...Directoy To Start The Search From...")
Do While (stack.Count > 0)
frm2.Label4.Text = "-- Mapping Files... -- Folders Left:" + stack.Count.ToString + " -- Files Found:" + frm2.ListBox1.Items.Count.ToString + " --"
frm2.Label4.Refresh()
Dim ScanDir As String = stack.Pop
If AlreadyScanned.Add(ScanDir) Then
Try
Try
Try
Dim directoryName As String
For Each directoryName In System.IO.Directory.GetDirectories(ScanDir)
stack.Push(directoryName)
frm2.Label4.Text = "-- Mapping Files... -- Folders Left:" + stack.Count.ToString + " -- Files Found:" + frm2.ListBox1.Items.Count.ToString + " --"
frm2.Label4.Refresh()
Next
frm2.ListBox1.Items.AddRange(System.IO.Directory.GetFiles(ScanDir, "*.*", System.IO.SearchOption.AllDirectories))
Catch ex5 As UnauthorizedAccessException
End Try
Catch ex2 As System.IO.PathTooLongException
End Try
Catch ex4 As System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException
End Try
End If
Loop
End Sub
My conclusions was simple!
1) windows 7 dont support live ui (label) update from a while loop
called from a button...
2) windows 7 could possibly support a new
thread running the same loop
i think mabye if i run all the code in a thread mabye the ui will remain responsive
(by the way the UI is not responsive in windows 10 but i still see
the label refresh and nothing crashes when form loose focus..)
so i know how to do that but i also know that if i do that a thread will not be able to update a listbox or a label in a form and refresh it..
so the thread will need to update an external file with the data and the form2 will need to read that data live from the file but will it make the same problems? i have no idea what to do.. can use some help and tips. THANK YOU!
I must menttion the fact that the loop is working on windows 10 without a responsive UI means i cant click on any button but i can
still see the label refresh BUT on windows 7 everything works the same
UNLESS i click somewhere, no matter where i click on windows the loop
crashes
im using framework 4.6.2 developer
While I'm glad you found a solution, I advise against using Application.DoEvents() because it is bad practice.
Please see this blog post: Keeping your UI Responsive and the Dangers of Application.DoEvents.
Simply put, Application.DoEvents() is a dirty workaround that makes your UI seem responsive because it forces the UI thread to handle all currently available window messages. WM_PAINT is one of those messages which is why your window redraws.
However this has some backsides to it... For instance:
If you were to close the form during this "background" process it would most likely throw an error.
Another backside is that if the ScanButtonInForm1() method is called by the click of a button you'd be able to click that button again (unless you set Enabled = False) and starting the process once more, which brings us to yet another backside:
The more Application.DoEvents()-loops you start the more you occupy the UI thread, which will cause your CPU usage to rise rather quickly. Since every loop is run in the same thread your processor cannot schedule the work over different cores nor threads, so your code will always run on one core, eating as much CPU as possible.
The replacement is, of course, proper multithreading (or the Task Parallel Library, whichever you prefer). Regular multithreading actually isn't that hard to implement.
The basics
In order to create a new thread you only need to declare an instance of the Thread class and pass a delegate to the method you want the thread to run:
Dim myThread As New Thread(AddressOf <your method here>)
...then you should set its IsBackground property to True if you want it to close automatically when the program closes (otherwise it keeps the program open until the thread finishes).
Then you just call Start() and you have a running background thread!
Dim myThread As New Thread(AddressOf myThreadMethod)
myThread.IsBackground = True
myThread.Start()
Accessing the UI thread
The tricky part about multithreading is to marshal calls to the UI thread. A background thread generally cannot access elements (controls) on the UI thread because that might cause concurrency issues (two threads accessing the same control at the same time). Therefore you must marshal your calls to the UI by scheduling them for execution on the UI thread itself. That way you will no longer have the risk of concurrency because all UI related code is run on the UI thread.
To marhsal calls to the UI thread you use either of the Control.Invoke() or Control.BeginInvoke() methods. BeginInvoke() is the asynchronous version, which means it doesn't wait for the UI call to complete before it lets the background thread continue with its work.
One should also make sure to check the Control.InvokeRequired property, which tells you if you already are on the UI thread (in which case invoking is extremely unnecessary) or not.
The basic InvokeRequired/Invoke pattern looks like this (mostly for reference, keep reading below for shorter ways):
'This delegate will be used to tell Control.Invoke() which method we want to invoke on the UI thread.
Private Delegate Sub UpdateTextBoxDelegate(ByVal TargetTextBox As TextBox, ByVal Text As String)
Private Sub myThreadMethod() 'The method that our thread runs.
'Do some background stuff...
If Me.InvokeRequired = True Then '"Me" being the current form.
Me.Invoke(New UpdateTextBoxDelegate(AddressOf UpdateTextBox), TextBox1, "Status update!") 'We are in a background thread, therefore we must invoke.
Else
UpdateTextBox(TextBox1, "Status update!") 'We are on the UI thread, no invoking required.
End If
'Do some more background stuff...
End Sub
'This is the method that Control.Invoke() will execute.
Private Sub UpdateTextBox(ByVal TargetTextBox As TextBox, ByVal Text As String)
TargetTextBox.Text = Text
End Sub
New UpdateTextBoxDelegate(AddressOf UpdateTextBox) creates a new instance of the UpdateTextBoxDelegate that points to our UpdateTextBox method (the method to invoke on the UI).
However as of Visual Basic 2010 (10.0) and above you can use Lambda expressions which makes invoking much easier:
Private Sub myThreadMethod()
'Do some background stuff...
If Me.InvokeRequired = True Then '"Me" being the current form.
Me.Invoke(Sub() TextBox1.Text = "Status update!") 'We are in a background thread, therefore we must invoke.
Else
TextBox1.Text = "Status update!" 'We are on the UI thread, no invoking required.
End If
'Do some more background stuff...
End Sub
Now all you have to do is type Sub() and then continue typing code like if you were in a regular method:
If Me.InvokeRequired = True Then
Me.Invoke(Sub()
TextBox1.Text = "Status update!"
Me.Text = "Hello world!"
Label1.Location = New Point(128, 32)
ProgressBar1.Value += 1
End Sub)
Else
TextBox1.Text = "Status update!"
Me.Text = "Hello world!"
Label1.Location = New Point(128, 32)
ProgressBar1.Value += 1
End If
And that's how you marshal calls to the UI thread!
Making it simpler
To make it even more simple to invoke to the UI you can create an Extension method that does the invoking and InvokeRequired check for you.
Place this in a separate code file:
Imports System.Runtime.CompilerServices
Public Module Extensions
''' <summary>
''' Invokes the specified method on the calling control's thread (if necessary, otherwise on the current thread).
''' </summary>
''' <param name="Control">The control which's thread to invoke the method at.</param>
''' <param name="Method">The method to invoke.</param>
''' <param name="Parameters">The parameters to pass to the method (optional).</param>
''' <remarks></remarks>
<Extension()> _
Public Function InvokeIfRequired(ByVal Control As Control, ByVal Method As [Delegate], ByVal ParamArray Parameters As Object()) As Object
If Parameters IsNot Nothing AndAlso _
Parameters.Length = 0 Then Parameters = Nothing
If Control.InvokeRequired = True Then
Return Control.Invoke(Method, Parameters)
Else
Return Method.DynamicInvoke(Parameters)
End If
End Function
End Module
Now you only need to call this single method when you want to access the UI, no additional If-Then-Else required:
Private Sub myThreadMethod()
'Do some background stuff...
Me.InvokeIfRequired(Sub()
TextBox1.Text = "Status update!"
Me.Text = "Hello world!"
Label1.Location = New Point(128, 32)
End Sub)
'Do some more background stuff...
End Sub
Returning objects/data from the UI with InvokeIfRequired()
With my InvokeIfRequired() extension method you can also return objects or data from the UI thread in a simple manner. For instance if you want the width of a label:
Dim LabelWidth As Integer = Me.InvokeIfRequired(Function() Label1.Width)
Example
The following code will increment a counter that tells you for how long the thread has run:
Private Sub Button1_Click(sender As System.Object, e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Dim CounterThread As New Thread(AddressOf CounterThreadMethod)
CounterThread.IsBackground = True
CounterThread.Start()
Button1.Enabled = False 'Make the button unclickable (so that we cannot start yet another thread).
End Sub
Private Sub CounterThreadMethod()
Dim Time As Integer = 0
While True
Thread.Sleep(1000) 'Wait for approximately 1000 ms (1 second).
Time += 1
Me.InvokeIfRequired(Sub() Label1.Text = "Thread has been running for: " & Time & " seconds.")
End While
End Sub
Hope this helps!
The reason your application is freezing is that you are doing all the work on the UI thread. Check out Async and Await. It uses threading in the background but makes it way easier to manage. An example here:
https://stephenhaunts.com/2014/10/14/using-async-and-await-to-update-the-ui-thread/

Cross-Threading issues [duplicate]

I am using vb.net, and in my program I get this 'crossthread operation not valid' error when I run my backgroundworker that will make this textbox enabled true. My main sub will first turn the enabled to false, and when the backgroundworker runs it will turn it back true then exit. Why does it give me an error? FYI: There is more code to this but I don't want to make it any more confusing...
Here is the stack trace:
at System.Windows.Forms.Control.get_Handle()
at System.Windows.Forms.Control.OnEnabledChanged(EventArgs e)
at System.Windows.Forms.Control.set_Enabled(Boolean value)
at Helium.Form1.BackgroundWorker1_DoWork(Object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e) in C:\Users\Kevin\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\Helium\Helium\Form1.vb:line 167
at System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker.OnDoWork(DoWorkEventArgs e)
at System.ComponentModel.BackgroundWorker.WorkerThreadStart(Object argument)
and here is the exact error message:
{"Cross-thread operation not valid: Control 'mainText' accessed from a thread other than the thread it was created on."}
Can someone please help me out!
Thanks,
KEvin
The purpose of the BackgroundWorker class is to perform work on a non-GUI thread while the GUI remains responsive. Unless you set Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls to false (which you shouldn't do), or use Invoke as suggested in the other answers (which I also wouldn't recommend), you're going to get an illegal cross-thread operation exception.
If you want GUI-related "stuff" to happen while your BackgroundWorker is running, I'd generally recommend using the BackgroundWorker.ReportProgress method and attaching an appropriate handler to the BackgroundWorker.ProgressChanged event. If you want something on the GUI to happen once the BackgroundWorker is finished, then simply attach your handler to update the GUI to the BackgroundWorker.RunWorkerCompleted event.
Type the following code in the Form1_Load (or whatever your form is) sub:
System.Windows.Forms.Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = False
It fixes all problems with blocked cross-thread operations.
Better way to this in VB.NET is to use a Extension it makes very nice looking code for cross-threading GUI Control Calls.
Just add this line of code to any Module you have.
<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Extension()> _
Public Sub Invoke(ByVal control As Control, ByVal action As Action)
If control.InvokeRequired Then
control.Invoke(New MethodInvoker(Sub() action()), Nothing)
Else
action.Invoke()
End If
End Sub
Now you can write Cross-Thread Control code that's only 1 line long for any control call.
Like this, lets say you want to clear a ComboBox and it's called from threads or without threads you can just use do this now
cboServerList.Invoke(Sub() cboServerList.Items.Clear())
Want to add something after you clear it?
cboServerList.Invoke(Sub() cboServerList.Items.Add("Hello World"))
Where exactly do you set the Enabled property? If you do it within the DoWork event handler, this code is running on a different thread than the button was created on, which should give the exception that you experience. To get around this, you should use BeginInvoke. For convenience it could be wrapped into a method, like so:
Private Sub SetControlEnabled(ByVal ctl As Control, ByVal enabled As Boolean)
If ctl.InvokeRequired Then
ctl.BeginInvoke(New Action(Of Control, Boolean)(AddressOf SetControlEnabled), ctl, enabled)
Else
ctl.Enabled = enabled
End If
End Sub
Now you can safely call that method to enable or disable any control from any thread:
SetControlEnabled(someButton, False)
You cannot directly set a control's property that is on the UI thread from another thread. It can be done though, here is an example from msdn.
Private Sub SetText(ByVal [text] As String)
' InvokeRequired required compares the thread ID of the'
' calling thread to the thread ID of the creating thread.'
' If these threads are different, it returns true.'
If Me.textBox1.InvokeRequired Then
Dim d As New SetTextCallback(AddressOf SetText)
Me.Invoke(d, New Object() {[text]})
Else
Me.textBox1.Text = [text]
End If
End Sub
Your Form_Load () pls write below code part. All your problems will be solved.
'## crossed-thread parts will not be controlled by this option...
System.Windows.Forms.Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = False
Suggest to use AutomationPeer.
For example below code calls Execute button when I press F5 key. Similarly if you want a thread or Background worker to call an event or function you can use Automation Peer. In your case instead of button (Which I used here) you can use text box with its appropriate property to invoke.
'Button name=btnExecute
'Imports System.Windows.Automation.Peers
'Imports System.Windows.Automation.Provider
If e.Key = Key.F5 Then
Dim peer As New ButtonAutomationPeer(btnExecute)
Dim invokeProv As IInvokeProvider = TryCast(peer.GetPattern(PatternInterface.Invoke), IInvokeProvider)
invokeProv.Invoke()
End If
Regards
RV
CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = False

Cross Thread Error Trying To Open New Form Instance Inside Timer

I am trying to create little notification popups for my application and have created a new form that fades in and out and sits on top of my main form (seems to work okay).
My problem is that I have some code that sits inside a timer event that does some data checking every minute or so. Depending on the data results, I sometimes need to show a notification. However, it is causing me Cross-Thread errors (which is understandable), but I'm not sure how to get around it.
Example (in a nutshell) of what I am trying to do is:
Private Sub RefreshData(sender As Object, e As System.Timers.ElapsedEventArgs)
Try
MainRefreshTimer.Interval = GetInterval()
MainRefreshTimer.Start()
'Do some data checking here...
If data returns true then
Dim notify as New frmNewNotification("Some Text", 10) '<== Show some text for 10 seconds then close the form automatically
notify.Show() '<== Cross Thread Error occurs from this
End If
...
End Sub
I would try one of this ideas:
Shorcut: Put this in your Form_Load
Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = False
Or, better, something like:
Private Sub delRefreshData(data as Object)
If Me.InvokeRequired Then
' Invoke(New MethodInvoker(AddressOf delRefreshData)) ' no params
Invoke(New MethodInvoker(Sub() delRefreshData(data)))
Else
'Do some data checking here...
If data returns true then
Dim notify as New frmNewNotification("Some Text", 10)
notify.Show() '
End If
End if
Using InvokeRequired vs control.InvokeRequired
Edited:
To avoid in future be blamed for that Shorcut, I have to say that
Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls isn't a good advice/solution, as is discussed here:
Cross-thread operation not valid: Control accessed from a thread other than the thread it was created on

vb.net problems with invoke

I have a thread that runs background jobs and is required to update the GUI once in a while. My program has been designed so that when the user clicks off of a form, the thread and background operations still run, yet the controls have been disposed (for memory management purposes).
I have been using Invoke() and "If Control.Created = True" to make sure that the thread can successfully update the controls without running into any exceptions. However, when the form is recreated, all "Control.Created" values are false and Invoke() fails with "{"Invoke or BeginInvoke cannot be called on a control until the window handle has been created."}"
My guess is that this has something to do with the fact that when the form is recreated it is assigned different handles and that the "Invoke()" is looking at the old handle. SO my question is, how do I fix this?
EDIT: As per requested, the code for opening the form and where the bg thread works from
Opening the DropLogMDIalt form is simply
FormCTRL.Show()
The Background Thread runs when the control is modified so that the NumericUpDown is more than 0 (so that there is something to countdown from)
Private Sub NLauncherTerminateInput_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles DLScanInterval.ValueChanged
If DLScanInterval.Created = True Then
DLTimerControlValue = DLScanInterval.Value
If DLTimerControlValue = 0 Then
CancelDropLogTimer()
Else
If DLScanIntervalControl.Active = False Then
BeginDropLogTimer()
End If
End If
End If
End Sub
Public Sub BeginDropLogTimer()
Dim N As New Threading.Thread(AddressOf DropLogTimerIntervalThreadWorker)
N.Start()
DLScanIntervalControl.ThreadID = N.ManagedThreadId
DLScanIntervalControl.Active = True
End Sub
Public Sub CancelDropLogTimer()
DLScanIntervalControl.Active = False
End Sub
Public Sub DropLogTimerIntervalThreadWorker()
DLScanTimerSecondsLeft = DLTimerControlValue * 60
Dim s As Integer = DLTimerControlValue
Do Until 1 = 2
DLScanTimerSecondsLeft = DLTimerControlValue * 60
Do Until DLScanTimerSecondsLeft <= 0
If Not (DLTimerControlValue = 0 Or DLScanIntervalControl.CancelPending = True) Then
Else
Exit Sub
End If
If Not DLTimerControlValue = s Then
DLScanTimerSecondsLeft = DLTimerControlValue * 60
s = DLTimerControlValue
End If
Dim ToInvoke As New MethodInvoker(Sub()
Timer(DLScanTimerSecondsLeft, ":", DLScanIntervalTB)
End Sub)
If (Me.IsHandleCreated) Then
If (InvokeRequired) Then
Invoke(ToInvoke)
Else
ToInvoke()
End If
End If
Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000)
DLScanTimerSecondsLeft -= 1
Loop
CompareScan = True
PerformScan()
Loop
End Sub
The thread is simply called by declaring a new thread.thread, however, I have created a class and a variable that the thread uses to check if it should still be running or not (similarly to how a backgroundworker would) this is illustrated by the "DLScanIntervalControl.CancelPending"
The form is then closed later by
Form.Close()
It can be reopened if the user clicks on a label that then uses the same method as shown above (FormCTRL.Show())
From MSDN:
"If the control's handle does not yet exist, InvokeRequired searches up the control's parent chain until it finds a control or form that does have a window handle. If no appropriate handle can be found, the InvokeRequired method returns false."
In other words, you need to verify that the handle is created and then check if invoke is required.
If(Me.IsHandleCreated) Then
If(Me.InvokeRequired) Then
'...
Else
'...
End If
End If
I had a similar error when trying to use delegates to update controls on a form in another thread. I found that the handle is only created when it's "needed". I'm not sure what constitutes "needed", but you can force it to create the handle by accessing the Handle property of the object.
What I had done in my application is this:
' Iterate through each control on the form, and if the handle isn't created yet, call the
' Handle property to force it to be created
For Each ctrl As Control In Me.Controls
While Not ctrl.IsHandleCreated
Dim tmp = ctrl.Handle
tmp = Nothing
End While ' Not ctrl.IsHandleCreated
Next ' ctrl As Control In Me.Controls
It's rather ghetto, but it may help you here (If you still need the help)
I think the issue here has nothing to do with invoking, but references. Following this pseudocode...
Dim A As New Form1
A.Show()
''Spawn background thread with a reference to A
A.Dispose()
Dim B As New Form1
B.Show()
The thread is attempting to refer to the first instance of Form1 above which is disposed and will always stay that way.
If you want the thread to be able to update any form then you need to give the thread a (synchronised) way to refer to the form...
Public Class Worker
Private Target As Form1
Private TargetLock As New Object
Public Sub SetTargetForm(Frm as Form1)
SyncLock TargetLock
Target = Frm
End SyncLock
End Sub
Public Sub DoWork() ''The worker thread method
''Do work as usual then...
SyncLock TargetLock
If Target IsNot Nothing AndAlso Target.IsHandleCreated Then
If Target.InvokeRequired
Target.Invoke(...)
Else
...
End If
End If
End SyncLock
End Sub
End Class
This way, when a new form is available, you can inform the worker thread using SetTargetForm() and it will update the appropriate one.
Of course, you'd be better off refactoring the "Update UI" checks and invoke calls into a different method for simplicity/maintainability but you get the point.
Note that I haven't got an IDE to hand so there may be typos.
One final point... I'd question the value of disposing a form for memory management purposes. Controls are fairly lightweight in terms of memory and it's far more common for an object used by the form to be a memory hog than the form itself. Are you sure you're getting a real benefit for this added complexity?

How to make a loader in a separate thread?

I have a main form wich is expected to perfom some long operations. In parallel, I'm trying to display the percentage of the executed actions.
So I created a second form like this:
Private Delegate Sub DoubleFunction(ByVal D as Double)
Private Delegate Sub EmptyFunction()
Public Class LoaderClass
Inherits Form
'Some properties here
Public Sub DisplayPercentage(Value as Double)
If Me.InvokeRequired then
dim TempFunction as New DoubleFunction(addressof DisplayPercentage)
Me.Invoke(TempFunction, Value)
Else
Me.PercentageLabel.text = Value
End if
End sub
Public Sub CloseForm()
If Me.InvokeRequired Then
Dim CloseFunction As New EmptyFunction(AddressOf CloseForm)
Me.Invoke(CloseFunction)
Else
Me.Close()
End If
FormClosed = True
End Sub
End class
My main sub, the one which is expected to perform the long operations is in another form as follows:
Private Sub InitApplication
Dim Loader as new LoaderClass
Dim LoaderThread as new thread(Sub()
Loader.ShowDialog()
End sub)
LoaderThread.start()
Loader.DisplayPercentage(1/10)
LoadLocalConfiguration()
Loader.DisplayPercentage(2/10)
ConnectToDataBase()
Loader.DisplayPercentage(3/10)
LoadInterfaceObjects()
Loader.DisplayPercentage(4/10)
LoadClients()
...
Loader.CloseForm()
End sub
The code works almost 95% of the time but sometimes I'm getting a thread exception somewhere in the sub DisplayPercentage. I change absolutely nothing, I just hit the start button again and the debugger continues the execution without any problem.
The exception I get is: Cross-thread operation not valid: Control 'LoaderClass' accessed from a thread other than the thread it was created on event though I'm using : if InvokeRequired
Does anyone know what is wrong with that code please ?
Thank you.
This is a standard threading bug, called a "race condition". The fundamental problem with your code is that the InvokeRequired property can only be accurate after the native window for the dialog is created. The problem is that you don't wait for that. The thread you started needs time to create the dialog. It blows up when InvokeRequired still returns false but a fraction of a second later the window is created and Invoke() now objects loudly against being called on a worker thread.
This requires interlocking, you must use an AutoResetEvent. Call its Set() method in the Load event handler for the dialog. Call its WaitOne() method in InitApplication().
This is not the only problem with this code. Your dialog also doesn't have a Z-order relationship with the rest of the windows in your app. Non-zero odds that it will show behind another window.
And an especially nasty kind of problem caused by the SystemEvents class. Which needs to fire events on the UI thread. It doesn't know what thread is the UI thread, it guesses that the first one that subscribes an event is that UI thread. That turns out very poorly if that's your dialog when it uses, say, a ProgressBar. Which uses SystemEvents to know when to repaint itself. Your program will crash and burn long after the dialog is closed when one of the SystemEvents now is raised on the wrong thread.
Scared you enough? Don't do it. Only display UI on the UI thread, only execute slow non-UI code on worker threads.
Thank you for your proposal. How to do that please ? Where should I
add Invoke ?
Assuming you've opted to leave the "loading" code of the main form in the main UI thread (probably called from the Load() event), AND you've set LoaderClass() as the "Splash screen" in Project --> Properties...
Here is what LoaderClass() would look like:
Public Class LoaderClass
Private Delegate Sub DoubleFunction(ByVal D As Double)
Public Sub DisplayPercentage(Value As Double)
If Me.InvokeRequired Then
Dim TempFunction As New DoubleFunction(AddressOf DisplayPercentage)
Me.Invoke(TempFunction, Value)
Else
Me.PercentageLabel.text = Value
End If
End Sub
End Class
*This is the same as what you had but I moved the delegate into the class.
*Note that you do NOT need the CloseForm() method as the framework will automatically close your splash screen once the main form is completely loaded.
Now, over in the main form, you can grab the displayed instance of the splash screen with My.Application.SplashScreen and cast it back to LoaderClass(). Then simply call your DisplayPercentage() method at the appropriate times with appropriate values:
Public Class Form1
Private Sub Form1_Load(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
InitApplication()
End Sub
Private Sub InitApplication()
Dim Loader As LoaderClass = DirectCast(My.Application.SplashScreen, LoaderClass)
Loader.DisplayPercentage(1 / 10)
LoadLocalConfiguration()
Loader.DisplayPercentage(2 / 10)
ConnectToDataBase()
Loader.DisplayPercentage(3 / 10)
LoadInterfaceObjects()
Loader.DisplayPercentage(4 / 10)
LoadClients()
' Loader.CloseForm() <-- This is no longer needed..."Loader" will be closed automatically!
End Sub
Private Sub LoadLocalConfiguration()
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000) ' simulated "work"
End Sub
Private Sub ConnectToDataBase()
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000) ' simulated "work"
End Sub
Private Sub LoadInterfaceObjects()
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000) ' simulated "work"
End Sub
Private Sub LoadClients()
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000) ' simulated "work"
End Sub
End Class
If all goes well, your splash screen should automatically display, update with progress, then automatically close when your main form has finished loading and displayed itself.
Me.Invoke(TempFunction, Value)
Should be:
Me.Invoke(TempFunction, new Object(){Value})
because the overload with parameters takes an array of parameters.
Value is on the stack of the function in the current thread. You need to allocate memory on the GC heap and copy the value to that memory so that it is available to the other thread even after the local stack has been destroyed.