Say I got tree data:
- A A
- A0 A/A0
- A0.0 A/A0/A0.0
- A0.1 A/A0/A0.1
- A1 A/A1
- A1.0 A/A1/A1.0
- A1.1 A/A1/A1.1
- A2 A/A2
It is stored within a postgresql database "tree-data", with a column 'id' that is the path of the node like above and some helper columns like 'depth' (integer, representing the nodes depth in the tree), 'terminal' (boolean, is a leaf node and has no children).
What I'd like to achieve now is a query for 'A/A0/A0.0', that retrieves all parents and their first level of children.
Getting all parents is easy:
SELECT name, id, depth, terminal
FROM "tree-data"
WHERE 'A/A0/A0.0' LIKE id||'%'
ORDER BY id;
This will return the following nodes:
A
A/A0
A/A0/A0.0
But this is what I need:
A
A/A0
A/A0/A0.0
A/A0/A0.1
A/A1
A/A2
Can you think of an easy and efficient way of achieving this? Optimizing/modifying the schema is possible, though not preferred.
You can get the parent using regexp_replace() and then use the same logic you are using:
SELECT name, id, depth, terminal
FROM "tree-data"
WHERE 'A/A0/A0.0' LIKE regexp_replace(id, '/[^/]+$', '') || '%'
ORDER BY id;
Related
I have a SQL Server Table that contains a 'Hierarchy/Tree' of User Permissions.
Each Individual Permission can have values: 1 [Allowed], Blank [Not Allowed] & 0 [specifically Cancelled].
Each Individual Permission can be in one or more 'Permission Groups' & a User can be assigned all the Individual Permissions in one or more Permission Groups.
Each of the 'Permission Groups', in turn, can be in one or more higher level permission groups ... and eventually, all Permissions Groups are under a Master Group named 'Main Menu'.
This SQL Code:
Select
'Main Menu' Base,
Description Level1,
ParentId,
SecurityNodesId,
ListOrder,
Category,
LastModified
From SecurityNodes
Where ParentId = 1
Order By Description
Produces the following Output:
'Main Menu' has a ParentId of NULL [Not Shown in screenshot].
The 'Level1' 'Folders' contain other folders or Individual Permissions which are 'Referenced' by the Values under SecurityNodesId.
For instance, a search for SecurityNodesId 102 [Level1 - Administration] in the ParentId column returns this list of Sub Folders under 'Level2':
So ... I can access each of these sub folders by writing separate queries.
But what I want is to have an end result that displays every Node of this Permissions Tree in Table form like this:
Main Menu Level1 Level2 Level3 Level4 PermissionName PermissionValue
I have never had to do something this complex before, though I have done plenty of self-joins.
I am currently thinking that I would need to do a self join to each self join ... to get to successive Levels of the Tree ... but I believe there may be a 'recursive' approach to this that might be more efficient?
I would appreciate any help I can get with this.
Thanks in advance!
The way to solve this is with a Recursive CTE.
These are definitely more advanced than your usual SQL, but once you have your head wrapped around them, they are pretty easy to put together and VERY useful for hierarchical data (any table that stores a parent/child relationship).
A recursive CTE has two parts, separated by a UNION ALL.
The recursive seed which is ran only once and determines the starting result set for the recursion. For you, this is likely any record with a parentId of 1.
The recursive term (or member) which joins the cte (itself) to the table that holds the parent/child relationship. It will run over and over and over and over again until the Join or a WHERE filter causes it to return no new records.
In your case, it will look something like below. Note that I don't know what your starting table looks like. Namely the Level1 column from your original SQL isn't clear if that is the column name or an alias you call Level1. Furthermore it's not at all clear how you derive a "Permission Group" or "Permission Value" from this data. But... at any rate this should get you in the ballpark:
WITH reccte as (
/*
* To start the recursion we need a "Seed"... or a set of data
* that defines the starting point on which we iterate after
* the UNION ALL below.
*
* The seed here is all records with a parentid of 1
*/
SELECT Base,
ParentID,
SecurityNodesID,
Level as Level1,
NULL as Level2,
NULL as Level3,
NULL as Level4,
'?' as PermissionName,
Category as PermissionValue,
1 as depth, --track how deep we recurse
Base + '>' + Level as path --keep track of where we've been and what has led us to this point in recurssion
FROM SecurityNodes
UNION ALL
/*
* This section is the part that iterates. It continues to join
* all rows that have been collected up that point with the Security
* Nodes table until that join fails.
*/
SELECT
reccte.Base,
SecurityNodes.ParentID,
SecurityNodes.SecurityNodesID,
reccte.Level1,
/*
* Depending on how deep we are in the security hierarchy
* capture the level string to the appropriate column
*/
CASE WHEN depth = 1 THEN SecurityNodes.Level ELSE reccte.Level2,
CASE WHEN depth = 2 THEN SecurityNodes.Level ELSE reccte.Level3,
CASE WHEN depth = 3 THEN SecurityNodes.Level ELSE reccte.Level4,
'?' as PermissionName,
SecurityNodes.Category as PermissionValue,
reccte.depth + 1, --increment depth
reccte.path + '>' + SecurityNodes.Level --add to the path so we know how we got here
FROM reccte
INNER JOIN SecurityNodes
/*Join parent to child*/
ON reccte.SecurityNodesId = SecurityNodes.parentId
WHERE depth < 5 --Stop looking up if we go deeper than 4 levels.
)
SELECT *
FROM reccte
While we track depth here and stop the recursion if we hit a depth of 4, you could stop the recursion with the MAXRECURSIVE option/hint. That would just go at the end of your query:
SELECT *
FROM reccte
OPTION (MAXRECURSION 4);
It's important to add either/or to your recursive CTE otherwise you risk causing an infinite loop should a security node have a child that is also one of its ancestors which would cause it to cycle endlessly.
OPTION (MAXRECURSION 2);
I followed through on an idea I mentioned in my original post and it looks like I have achieved what I was wanting.
I don't think it is the best possible solution because I know how many total levels there currently are. If we suddenly add another level or two, the SQL will not capture everything and I'll manually have to add one or more Left Joins.
Select
'Main Menu' Base,
sn.Description Level1,
sn2.Description Level2,
sn3.Description Level3,
sn4.Description Level4,
sn.ParentId,
sn.SecurityNodesId,
sn.ListOrder,
sn.Category,
sn.LastModified
From
SecurityNodes sn
Left Join SecurityNodes sn2 On sn2.ParentId = sn.SecurityNodesId
Left Join SecurityNodes sn3 On sn3.ParentId = sn2.SecurityNodesId
Left Join SecurityNodes sn4 On sn3.ParentId = sn3.SecurityNodesId
Order By sn.ParentId, sn.Description
I would still appreciate any suggestions for a more elegant/dynamic way of achieving what I need ... but for now, the above SQL is doing the job.
I have the following records:
My goal is to check the SUM of the children for each parent and make sure it is 1 (or 100%).
In the example above, you have a first parent:
12043
It has 2 children:
12484 & 12485
Child (now parent) 12484 has child 12486. The child here (12486) has a percentage of 0.6 (which is NOT 100%). This is NOT OK.
Child (now parent) 12485 has child 12487. The child here (12487) has a percentage of 1 (or 100%). This is OK.
I need to sum the percentages of each nested children and get that value because it doesn't sum up to 100%, then I have to display a message. I'm having a hard time coming up with a query for this. Can someone give me a hand?
This is what I tried and I'm getting the "The statement terminated. The maximum recursion 100 has been exhausted before statement completion." error message.
with cte
as (select cp.parent_payee_id,
cp.payee_id,
cp.payee_pct,
0 as level
from dbo.tp_contract_payee cp
where cp.participant_id = 12067
and cp.payee_id = cp.parent_payee_id
union all
select cp.parent_payee_id,
cp.payee_id,
cp.payee_pct,
c.level + 1 as level
from dbo.tp_contract_payee cp
inner join cte c
on cp.parent_payee_id = c.payee_id
where cp.participant_id = 12067
)
select *
from cte
I believe something like the following should work:
WITH RECURSIVE recCTE AS
(
SELECT
parent_payee_id as parent,
payee_id as child,
payee_pct
1 as depth,
parent_payee_id + '>' + payee_id as path
FROM
table
WHERE
--top most node
parent_payee_id = 12043
AND payee_id <> parent_payee_id --prevent endless recursion
UNION ALL
SELECT
table.parent_payee_id as parent,
table.payee_id as child,
table.payee_pct,
recCTE.depth + 1 as Depth,
recCTE.path + '>' + table.payee_id as path
FROM
recCTE
INNER JOIN table ON
recCTE.child = table.parent_payee_id AND
recCTE.child <> table.payee_id --again prevent records where parent is child
Where depth < 15 --prevent endless cycles
)
SELECT DISTINCT parent
FROM recCTE
GROUP BY parent
HAVING sum(payee_pct) <> 1;
This differs from yours mostly in the WHERE statements on both the Recursive Seed (query before UNION) and the recursive term (query after UNION). I believe yours is too restrictive, especially in the recursive term since you want to allow records that are children of 12067 through, but then you only allow 12067 as the parent id to pull in.
Here, though, we pull every descendant of 12043 (from your example table) and it's payee_pct. Then we analyze each parent in the final SELECT and the sum of all it's payee_pcts, which are essentially that parent's first childrens sum(payee_pct). If any of them are not a total of 1, then we display the parent in the output.
At any rate, between your query and mine, I would imagine this is pretty close to the requirements, so it should be tweaks to get you exactly where you need to be if this doesn't do the trick.
I'm building a sql server project that have a pyramid or binary tree concept...
I gonna try to explain using some tables!
The first table is
TB_USER(ID, ID_FATHER, LEFT/RIGHT TREE POSITION)
User can sell producs! So when they sell they earn points. Then, the second table is
TB_SELL (ID_USER, ID_PRODUCT, POINT)
As a result I'd like to see in the report format of points of each client below me in the binary model tree. How can I design these tables to make my life easier in this kind of search ? I will always get my soons up to 9 levels down.
I know that with procedure I can solve this problem , however I would like to know an elegant and simple solution.
Thank you
I solve this using a with a recursive query:
with with_user_earns as (
-- get father information (start)
select father.id, father.str_name, father.id_father, father.ind_father_side_type, 1 as int_user_level from tb_user father where id = 9
union all
-- get all soons (stop condition)
select son.id, son.str_name, son.id_father, son.ind_father_side_type, WUE.int_user_level + 1 from tb_user as son inner join with_user_earns as WUE on son.id_father = WUE.id where son.id_father is not null /*and WUE.int_user_level < 9*/
)
-- show result
select with_user_earns.id, with_user_earns.str_name, with_user_earns.id_father, with_user_earns.ind_father_side_type, with_user_earns.int_user_level from with_user_earns order by with_user_earns.int_user_level, with_user_earns.id
Is it possible to display, in the same query, information concerning different level of recursivity ?
select LEVEL, ae2.CAB, ae2.NIVEAU, ae2.ENTITE, ae2.ENTITE_PARENT, ae2.libelle
from my_table ae2
where ae2.NIVEAU = 2
start with ae2.cab = 'XXX'
connect by prior ae2.entite_parent = ae2.entite
With this query I have (let's say) 4 levels of information about the entity above root 'XXX'
Is it possible to display root information at the same time?
Yes, it's possible to use the CONNECT_BY_ROOT operator. For instance, if you wanted the cab of the parent your query would be:
select connect_by_root cab
, level, cab, niveau, entite, entite_parent, libelle
from my_table
where niveau = 2
start with cab = 'XXX'
connect by prior entite_parent = entite
You have to use a new operator for each column you want to select. You won't get information from a "different" level of recursivity using this operator, only from the root. If you want more you'll have to use recursive subquery factoring.
I made a table to store a Binary Tree like below:
- NodeID
- NodeLeft
- NodeRight
NodeLeft store the ID of the left node. And Node right store the ID of the right node.
I need to write a Procedure that if i pass a NodeID, it'll count how many child node on the left and how many child node on the right. Can separate to 2 Procedure.
Try this:
WITH CTE_Node(
NodeID,
NodeRigth,
NodeLeft,
Level,
RigthOrLeft
)
AS
(
SELECT
NodeID,
NodeRigth,
NodeLeft,
0 AS Level,
'P'
FROM Node
WHERE NodeID = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT
Node.NodeID,
Node.NodeRigth,
Node.NodeLeft,
Level + 1,
CASE WHEN CTE_Node.NodeLeft = Node.NodeID THEN 'R' ELSE 'L' END
FROM Node
INNER JOIN CTE_Node ON CTE_Node.NodeLeft = Node.NodeID
OR CTE_Node.NodeRigth = Node.NodeID
)
SELECT DISTINCT RigthOrLeft,
COUNT(NodeID) OVER(PARTITION BY RigthOrLeft)
FROM CTE_Node
Here is an SQL Fiddle.
The Level is just there to see how is it working. May you can use it later.
I found this topic.
http://www.sqlservercentral.com/Forums/Topic1152543-392-1.aspx
The table structure is different from my designed table. But it is an Binary Tree so i can use it.
And the SQL Fiddle is very helpful.