postgres replace calculated value in text - sql

Question

I have a table column numbers containing strings like:
1, 2, 2A, 14, 14A, 20
Listed in the desired ascending sort order.
How can I formulate an ORDER BY clause to achieve this order?
Per default, postgres has to resort to alphabetical order which would be:
1, 2, 14, 20, 2A, 14A
Can this be done using only the string-manipulation features that come with Postgres? (replace(), regex_replace() etc?)
My first idea was:
cut the letter, if present
number * 100
add ascii of letter, if present
This would yield the desired result as the mapped values would be:
100, 200, 265, 1400, 1465, 2000
I could also index this manipulated value to speed up sorting.
Additional restrictions:
I cannot use casts to hex numbers, because eg.: 14Z is valid too.
Ideally, the result is a single expression. I'd need to use this transformation for filtering and sorting like:
SELECT * FROM table WHERE transform(numbers) < 15 ORDER BY transform(numbers)
RESULT:
1, 2, 2A, 14, 14A
I tried to implement my idea, using what I learned from #klin's answer:
Cut the letter and multiply number by 100:
substring('12A' from '(\d+).*')::int*100
Cut the numbers and get ASCII of letter:
ascii(substring('12A' from '\d+([A-Z])'))
Add the two.
This works fine with 12A, but does not work with 12, as the second expression returns NULL and not 0 (numeric zero). Any ideas?

Answer 1

Based on these assumptions:
Numbers consist of digits and optionally one pending letter and nothing else.
There is always at least one leading digit.
All letters are either upper case [A-Z] or lower case [a-z], but not mixed.
I would enforce that with a CHECK constraint on the table column to be absolutely reliable.
Create a tiny IMMUTABLE SQL function:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION f_nr2sort(text)
RETURNS int AS
$func$
SELECT CASE WHEN right($1, 1) > '9' COLLATE "C" -- no collation
THEN left($1, -1)::int * 100 + ascii(right($1, 1))
ELSE $1::int * 100 END -- only digits
$func$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE;
Optimized for performance based on above assumptions. I replaced all regular expressions with the much cheaper left() and right().
I disabled collation rules with COLLATE "C" for the CASE expression (it's cheaper, too) to assure default byte order of ASCII letters. Letters in [a-zA-Z] sort above '9' and if that's the case for the last letter, we proceed accordingly.
This way we avoid adding NULL values and don't need to fix with COALESCE.
Then your query can be:
SELECT *
FROM tbl
WHERE f_nr2sort(numbers) < f_nr2sort('15C')
ORDER BY f_nr2sort(numbers);
Since the function is IMMUTABLE, you can even create a simple functional index to support this class of queries:
CREATE INDEX tbl_foo_id ON tbl (f_nr2sort(numbers));

Answer 2

I am new at PostgreSQL, but I found this very useful post:
Alphanumeric sorting with PostgreSQL
So what about something like this:
select val
from test
order by (substring(val, '^[0-9]+'))::int, substring(val, '[^0-9_].*$') desc
Hope it helps