I have a table like so...
create table grades (id number, t1 number, t2 number, t3 number, mark number);
I want a trigger to calculate and update the table with the average mark for each row affected.
so I write a trigger like so...
create or replace trigger rades_trg
after insert
on grades
for each row
declare
v_mark grades.mark%type;
begin
v_mark := (:new.t1 + :new.t2 + :new.t3) / 3;
update grades set mark = v_mark where id = :new.id;
dbms_output.put_line(v_mark);
end;
/
then I enter a new record like so...
insert into grades (id, t1, t2, t3) values (5, 100, 100, 25);
but oracle tells me the table may be mutating and the trigger cannot see it.
Row triggers are generally not allowed to query or modify the table on which they're declared. To work around this I suggest that you make your trigger a BEFORE trigger so you can simply set :new.mark in your trigger:
create or replace trigger rades_trg
before insert on grades
for each row
begin
:new.mark := (:new.t1 + :new.t2 + :new.t3) / 3;
dbms_output.put_line(:new.mark);
end;
Best of luck.
Related
I am trying to achieve here is to basically override 0 rows Updated, when UPDATE is issued in-case the actual PK/UK value doesn't exist in the table. This is what I have done:
Actual Table:
CREATE TABLE fdrgiit.vereine(
team numeric(10) primary key,
punkte int not null,
serie int not null
);
Dummy Table:
CREATE TABLE fdrgiit.dummyup
(
id numeric(1) PRIMARY KEY,
datetest timestamp
);
Inserted records in both the tables:
insert into vereine(team,punkte,serie) values(1, 50, 1);
insert into vereine(team,punkte,serie) values(2, 30, 1);
insert into vereine(team,punkte,serie) values(3, 25, 1);
insert into vereine(team,punkte,serie) values(4, 37, 2);
insert into dummyup values(1, now());
Created the following function and trigger:
create or replace function updateover()
returns trigger as
$BODY$
begin
if EXISTS (select 1 FROM vereine WHERE team = new.team ) then
RETURN NEW;
else
UPDATE fdrgiit.dummyup set datetest=now() where id=1;
RETURN NULL;
end if;
end;
$BODY$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;
create trigger update_redundancy
before update on vereine
for each row
execute procedure updateover() ;
But when I execute an UPDATE like this on the , I am still get 0 rows affected
update vereine set punkte=87 where team=5;
Kindly review and please suggest if this is something that can be done.
You cannot trigger anything with an UPDATE that does not affect row as triggers are only fired for affected rows.
But you could wrap your alternative UPDATE into a function:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION updateover()
RETURNS int AS
$func$
UPDATE dummyup
SET datetest = now()
WHERE id = 1
RETURNING 2;
$func$ LANGUAGE sql;
... and run your UPDATE nested like this:
WITH upd AS (
UPDATE vereine
SET punkte = 87
WHERE team = 5 -- does not exist!
RETURNING 1
)
SELECT 1 FROM upd
UNION ALL
SELECT updateover()
LIMIT 1;
db<>fiddle here
If no row qualifies for an UPDATE, then 1st outer SELECT 1 FROM upd returns no row and Postgres keeps processing the 2nd SELECT updateover(). But if at least one row is affected, the final SELECT is never executed. Exactly what you want.
This updates dummyup one time if the UPDATE on vereine does not affect any rows; never several times. But that's ok, since now() is STABLE for the duration of the transaction.
Related:
Return a value if no record is found
I'm new to SQL and I'm trying to update a column (ex_counter) of a table (ex_table). This column consists of a counter of the number of times an ID (ex_id) appears on a second table (ex2_id in ex2_table).
An ID can be inserted into the second table at any moment. If that ID is already existing, the counter of its corresponding ID in the first table must be updated (by simply adding 1, I guess).
These are the two tables:
CREATE TABLE ex_table(
ex_id SMALLINT,
ex_counter SMALLINT;)
CREATE TABLE ex2_table(
ex2_id SMALLINT;)
I think it should be done more or less like this. The commented code is the pseudocode that I don't know how to implement:
CREATE TRIGGER ex_trigger AFTER
INSERT ON ex2_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE ex_func();
CREATE FUNCTION ex_func() RETURNS trigger AS $$ BEGIN
/*
if ex2_id = ex_id
ex_counter = ex_counter + 1
*/
RETURN NULL;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
Thanks in advance!
Something like this
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM ex_table WHERE ex_id = new.ex2_id) THEN
UPDATE ex_table
SET ex_counter = ex_counter + 1
WHERE ex_id = new.ex2_id
ELSE
INSERT INTO ex_table VALUES (new.ex2_id, 1)
END IF;
Note that it is no point really to store a counter since you so easily can retrieve the value by doing a SELECT COUNT()...
Hi I try to Insert value in the second trigger with new id from first trigger only if condition is fulfiled, but I'm stuck.
table1_trg works
CREATE TABLE table1 (
id NUMBER(9,0) NOT NULL,
subject VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL,
url_address VARCHAR2(200) NOT NULL,
)
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER table1_trg
BEFORE INSERT ON table1
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
SELECT table1_seq.NEXTVAL
INTO :new.id
FROM dual;
END;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER table1_url
BEFORE INSERT ON table1
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (NEW.subject = 'Task')
BEGIN
INSERT INTO CSB.table1 (url_address)
VALUES ('blabla.com?' || :new.id);
END;
/
I insert only subject but after that i receive exception that subject can not be null.
INSERT INTO corp_tasks_spec (subject) VALUES ('Task')
Any ideas how to resolve it?
You should not be inserting a new record into the same table, you should be modifying the column values for the row you're already inserting - which the trigger is firing against. You're getting the error because of that second insert - which is only specifying the URL value, not the subject or ID (though the first trigger would fire again and set the ID for that new row as well - so it complains about the subject).
Having two triggers on the same firing point can be difficult in old versions of Oracle as the order they fired wasn't guaranteed - so for instance your second trigger might fire before the first, and ID hasn't been set yet. You can control the order in later versions (from 11g) with FOLLOWS:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER table1_url
BEFORE INSERT ON table1
FOR EACH ROW
FOLLOWS table1_trg
WHEN (NEW.subject = 'Task')
BEGIN
:NEW.url_address := 'blabla.com?' || :new.id;
END;
/
This now fires after the first trigger, so ID is set, and assigns a value to the URL in this row rather than trying to create another row:
INSERT INTO table1 (subject) VALUES ('Task');
1 row inserted.
SELECT * FROM table1;
ID SUBJECT URL_ADDRESS
---------- ---------- --------------------
2 Task blabla.com?2
But you don't really need two triggers here, you could do:
DROP TRIGGER table1_url;
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER table1_trg
BEFORE INSERT ON table1
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
:NEW.id := table1_seq.NEXTVAL; -- no need to select from dual in recent versions
IF :NEW.subject = 'Task' THEN
:NEW.url_address := 'blabla.com?' || :new.id;
END IF;
END;
/
Then that trigger generates the ID and sets the URL:
INSERT INTO table1 (subject) VALUES ('Task');
1 row inserted.
SELECT * FROM table1;
ID SUBJECT URL_ADDRESS
---------- ---------- --------------------
2 Task blabla.com?2
3 Task blabla.com?3
Of course, for anything except Task you'll have to specify the URL as part of the insert, or it will error as that is a not-null column.
Create sequence
CREATE SEQUENCE table1_SEQ
START WITH 1
MAXVALUE 100000
MINVALUE 1
NOCYCLE
NOCACHE
NOORDER;
CREATE TRIGGER
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER table1_TRG
Before Insert
ON table1 Referencing New As New Old As Old
For Each Row
Declare V_Val Number;
Begin
Select table1_SEQ.NextVal into V_Val From Dual;
If Inserting Then
:New.id:= V_Val;
End If;
End;
/
I want a trigger that updates the value of a column, but I just want to update a small set of rows that depends of the values of the inserted row.
My trigger is:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER example
AFTER INSERT ON table1
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
UPDATE table1 t
SET column2 = 3
WHERE t.column1 = :new.column1;
END;
/
But as I using FOR EACH ROW I have a problem when I try it, I get the mutating table runtime error.
Other option is not to set the FOR EACH ROW, but if I do this, I dont know the inserted "column1" for comparing (or I dont know how to known it).
What can I do for UPDATING a set of rows that depends of the last inserted row?
I am using Oracle 9.
You should avoid the DML statements on the same table as defined in a trigger. Use before DML to change values of the current table.
create or replace trigger example
before insert on table1
for each row
begin
:new.column2 := 3;
end;
/
You can modify the same table with pragma autonomous_transaction:
create or replace trigger example
after insert on table1 for each row
declare
procedure setValues(key number) is
pragma autonomous_transaction;
begin
update table1 t
set column2 = 3
where t.column1 = key
;
end setValues;
begin
setValues(:new.column1);
end;
/
But I suggest you follow #GordonLinoff answere to your question - it's a bad idea to modify the same table in the trigger body.
See also here
If you need to update multiple rows in table1 when you are updating one row, then you would seem to have a problem with the data model.
This need suggests that you need a separate table with one row per column1. You can then fetch the value in that table using join. The trigger will then be updating another table, so there will be no mutation problem.
`create table A
(
a INTEGER,
b CHAR(10)
);
create table B
(
b CHAR (10),
d INTEGER
);
create trigger trig1
AFTER INSERT ON A
REFERENCING NEW AS newROW
FOR EACH ROW
when(newROW.a<=10)
BEGIN
INSERT into B values(:newROW.b,:newROW.a);
END trig1;
insert into A values(11,'Gananjay');
insert into A values(5,'Hritik');
select * from A;
select * from B;`
I have two tables:
cost_bank (this is where I want the trigger)
master_data (this table has information I need to check)
I want to build an "after insert" trigger on cost_bank which runs when the newly inserted cost_bank.work_code is in the master_data table with a master_data.charge_type = 'EX'. If that scenario is true, I want the trigger to update the newly added row only (can specify by ID) in cost_bank with the value from master_data.r_cost_center for cost_bank.cost_center.
Here is what I have so far:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER expense_charge_cost_center
AFTER INSERT ON cost_bank FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (new.work_code in (select work_code from master_data where charge_type = 'EX'))
BEGIN
update cost_bank set cost_center = (select r_cost_center
from master_data where work_code = new.work_code) where id = new.id;
END;
Any insight is appreciated
If you want to modify the same table, you want a before insert trigger:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER expense_charge_cost_center
BEFORE INSERT ON cost_bank FOR EACH ROW
WHEN (new.work_code in (select work_code from master_data where charge_type = 'EX'))
BEGIN
select r_cost_center into :new.cost_center
from master_data
where work_code = new.work_code;
END;
Actually, I'm not sure if subqueries work with when, so you might need:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER expense_charge_cost_center
BEFORE INSERT ON cost_bank FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
if (new.work_code in (select work_code from master_data where charge_type = 'EX')) then
select r_cost_center into :new.cost_center
from master_data
where work_code = new.work_code; -- I'm guessing you also want charge_type = 'EX'
end if;
END;