SQL cuts polish diacritics - sql

I'm using Microsoft SQL Server Express Edition 9.00.5000.00 and after inserting varchar(max) gęś it convert this text to ges, how to unset this option to have gęś in my database?

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SQL Server set decimal separator different than OS

I have a database in Microsoft SQL Server Standard 14.0.1000.169 in a machine whose culture (from Powershell Get-Culture) is it-IT hence the decimal separator is the comma.
I am unable to load data containing numbers with the decimal dot separator in columns set as "decimal" or "float" as the server only accepts commas.
How can I configure the database to use a different culture than the system's?
I am using Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio v18.3.1

UTF-8 conversion into SQL Windows Server 2008 R2 from 2003

We have been using SQL Server on Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, and are now attempting to transfer across to a new server, running 2008 R2. One of our clients has a seperate jobs database which creates text files that are updated via FTP to a folder on our server 3 times daily, to then be imported into a corresponding series of tables in our database. Here is the old code for the import:
Delete
From Client.dbo.jobs
Go
BULK INSERT CarltonRR.dbo.jobs
FROM 'D:\folder\clientDatabaseUpload\jobs.txt'
WITH
(
DATAFILETYPE='char',
CODEPAGE = '65001',
FIELDTERMINATOR = '|',
ROWTERMINATOR = '\|\n'
)
Go
After the initial errors, and subsequent searching, I removed the 'CODEPAGE = '65001', line because of the issues mentioned in this documentation, that 2008 R2 does not support UTF-8, however the database would automatically convert to UTF-16. This resulted in problems displaying some characters (£ for example) which the old system handles fine. The Data Type for the field(s) that are not displaying properly is varchar(50)
Is there a change that needs to be made to the SQL queries from 2003 to 2008 R2 that would allow the special characters in the .txt files to be displayed in the database?
Edit: The Data Type for the field(s) in question is nvarchar(50), not varchar(50)
Edit 2: If it helps, the listed sign in replacement of the ' £ ' sign is ' ┬ú '

Error Converting data type nvarchar to float ( ORacle to SQL server 2008)

First of all, I have a MS SQL server 2008 Std. edition on my server and I have a linked server between Oracle and SQL server 2008. I try to take data from Oracle server to SQL server and I have a problem like this:
When I try to convert one column nvarchar to Float it gives error like this:
Error Converting data type nvarchar to float.
But when I try to make same job with SQL server 2008 R2 it doesn't give any error and works fine.
I know It caused by Decimal symbol (. and ,) but is there anything to fix this situation and provide it to work on also SQL server 2008 std. edition?

SQL Server datetime field issue

My personal computer is running Windows 7 (language turkish) and I installed SQL Server 2008. When I create a new database, the database language is Turkish_CI_AS
And I have a server with Windows Server 2003 (language english) and installed SQL Server 2008 on that server. I set the Regional and Language Options as Turkish. I am creating a database and selecting collation Turkish_CI_AS
But when I insert a row into a table on the server, an error occurrs:
The date format is invalid
You should always use unambigious formats like YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDD HH:MM:SS so that no matter what setting the server/database is it will be added correctly. Read this for a better understanding http://beyondrelational.com/modules/2/blogs/70/posts/10898/understanding-datetime-column-part-ii.aspx

Fulltext Search in SQL Server 2008 Step by step

How to get started with Fulltext Search in SQL Server 2008
read these links:
SQL SERVER – 2008 – Creating Full Text Catalog and Full Text Search
Using Full Text Search in SQL Server 2008
Setting Up Full Text Search: A Step-by-step Guide
Full-Text Search (SQL Server)
SQL Server 2008 Full Text Search Best Practices from the SQL CAT Team
I would add those links from Simple Talk's web site:
Understanding Full-Text Indexing in SQL Server
SQL Server Full Text Search Language Features
SQL Server Full Text Search Language Features - Part 2