I have a SQLDeveloper table with a column which indicates a date.
On the top of the table there is a filter function and i would like to know how to search for a specific date. For example: What do i write as SQL command in the filter to find the date "20141119" (the format is "yyyymmdd")
If you are using Oracle, you can use to_char() to convert the values. You need to be careful because an Oracle date column can also contain a time component:
WHERE trunc(col) = to_date('201411119', 'YYYYMMDD')
However, it is best to avoid having a function call on the column name -- this impedes the use of indexes. So, if you know there is no time component, then use:
WHERE col = to_date('201411119', 'YYYYMMDD')
If you are not 100% sure, then use:
WHERE col >= to_date('201411119', 'YYYYMMDD') AND col < to_date('201411119', 'YYYYMMDD') + 1
EDIT:
If the type is varchar2(), then presumably it is in the same format as the input. You can do:
WHERE SUBSTR(SENDINGTIME, 1, 8) = '20141119'
If it has another format, then you should use to_date() to convert it as described above.
In general, you should store dates and times using native database formats -- after all, that is why they are there. If you do have to store them as a character, then YYYYMMDD is a good choice of format.
Related
I have an oracle table which has date in dd-mm-yyyy and dd/mm/yyyy format in same field. Now i have to convert into one common format.
Please suggest how to approach this?
I did tried but it is failing as it is failing due to invalid month.
Is there a way i can first identify what format the date is and then based on case statement i might convert.
or something easy way? Please
I trust you've learnt your lesson and you're now going to store these dates in the date data type.
Your two different date formats actually aren't important, Oracle already is a little over accepting when it comes to separating characters.
e.g
to_date('01/01/1900','dd-mm-yyyy')
Does not error
I did tried but it is failing as it is failing due to invalid month.
Your error is coming because you've allowed a value that doesn't match either of those formats into your string column.
If you are on version 12.2 at least (which you should be in 2020) then you can use the validate_conversion function to identify rows that don't convert to a date with your format (https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/sqlrf/VALIDATE_CONVERSION.html#GUID-DC485EEB-CB6D-42EF-97AA-4487884CB2CD)
select string_column
from my_table
where validate_conversion(string_column AS DATE,'dd/mm/yyyy') = 0
The other additional helper we got in 12.2 was the on conversion error clause of to_date. So you can do.
alter table my_table add my_date date;
update my_table set my_date = to_date(my_string default null on conversion error,'dd/mm/yyyy');
If you are confident that there is no other format than those two, a simple approach is replace():
update mytable set mystring = replace(mystring, '/', '-');
This turns all dates to format dd-mm-yyyy.
I would suggest taking a step forward and convert these strings to a date column.
alter table mytable add mydate date;
update mytable set mydate = to_date(replace(mystring, '/', '-'), 'dd-mm-yyyy');
This will fail if invalid date strings are met. I tend to consider that a good thing, since it clearly signals that this a problem with the data. If you want to avoid that, you can use on conversion error, available starting Oracle 12:
to_date(
replace(mystring, '/', '-') default null on conversion error,
'dd-mm-yyyy'
)
Then you can remove the string column, which is no longer needed.
I am not getting data between two years, below is between condition
to_char(Wfc.APPLYDTM,'MM/DD/YYYY') between '12/11/2019' and '01/10/2020'
but I am getting data between '12/11/2019' and '12/31/2019' & '01/11/2020' and '01/01/2020' for these dates but not between two different years.
Please help
Try using TO_DATE instead of TO_CHAR, and then compare against valid Oracle date literals:
SELECT *
FROM Wfc
WHERE TO_DATE(APPLYDTM, 'MM/DD/YYYY') BETWEEN date '2019-12-11' AND date '2019-01-10';
Note that if APPLYDTM already be a date, then you don't need to call TO_DATE on it. It doesn't make sense to convert your data to character, if you intend to work with it as a date.
You should convert your data to Date to be able to compare correctly.
The main idea is you should compare date value instead of string value.
to_date(Wfc.APPLYDTM,'MM/dd/yyyy') between to_date('12/11/2019','MM/dd/yyyy') and to_date('01/10/2020','MM/dd/yyyy')
Read here to more details.
Do not convert date/time values to strings! Use the built in functionality.
Your logic is most simply expressed as:
Wfc.APPLYDTMbetween >= DATE '2019-12-11' AND
Wfc.APPLYDTMbetween < DATE '2020-01-11'
Note that the date constants are provided using the DATE keyword. This supposed ISO 8601 standard date formats (happily!).
Also note the use of >= and < rather than BETWEEN. The date data type in Oracle can include a time component -- even if you don't see it when you query the table. This ensures that all date/times are included in the range.
As an added benefit, this can use an index on (APPLYDTMbetween). Using a function usually precludes using an index, unless you have defined a function-based index.
For some reason (I have no control over this) dates are stored as Integers in an iSeries AS400 DB2 system that I need to query. E.g. today will be stored as:
20,171,221
Being in the UK I need it to be like the below in Date format:
21/12/2017
This is from my query: (OAORDT = date field)
Select
Date(SUBSTR( CHAR( OAORDT ),7,2) ||'/' || SUBSTR(CHAR ( OAORDT ),5,2) || '/' || SUBSTR(CHAR (OAORDT ),1,4)) AS "Order Date"
from some.table
However, all I get is Nulls. If I remove the Date function, then it does work but its now a string, which I don't want:
Select
SUBSTR( CHAR( OAORDT ),7,2) ||'/' || SUBSTR(CHAR ( OAORDT ),5,2) || '/' || SUBSTR(CHAR (OAORDT ),1,4) AS "Order Date"
from some.table
How do I convert the OAORDT field to Date?
Just to update - I will be querying this from MS SQL Server using an OpenQuery
Thanks.
1) How do I convert the OAORDT field to Date?
Simplest is to use TIMESTAMP_FORMAT :
SELECT DATE(TIMESTAMP_FORMAT(CHAR(OAORDT),'YYYYMMDD'))
2) Being in the UK I need it to be [...] in Date format 21/12/2017 :
SELECT VARCHAR_FORMAT(DATE(TIMESTAMP_FORMAT(CHAR(OAORDT),'YYYYMMDD')),'DD/MM/YYYY')
Note, you didn't specify where you are doing this, but since you tagged as ibm-midrange, I am answering for embedded SQL. If you want JDBC, or ODBC, or interactive SQL, the concept is similar, just the means of achieving it is different.
Make sure SQL is using dates in the correct format, it defaults to *ISO. For you it should be *EUR. In RPG, you can do it this way:
exec sql set option *datfmt = *EUR;
Make sure that set option is the first SQL statement in your program, I generally put it immediately between D and C specs.
Note that this is not an optimal solution for a program. Best practice is to set the RPG and SQL date formats both to *ISO. I like to do that explicitly. RPG date format is set by
ctl-opt DatFmt(*ISO);
SQL date format is set by
exec sql set option *datfmt = *ISO;
Now all internal dates are processed in *ISO format, and have no year range limitation (year can be 0001 - 9999). And you can display or print in any format you please. Likewise, you can receive input in any format you please.
Edit Dates are a unique beast. Not every language, nor OS knows how to handle them. If you are looking for a Date value, the only format you need to specify is the format of the string you are converting to a Date. You don't need to (can't) specify the internal format of the Date field, and the external format of a Date field can be mostly anything you want, and different each time you use it. So when you use TIMESTAMP_FORMAT() as #Stavr00 mentioned:
DATE(TIMESTAMP_FORMAT(CHAR(OAORDT),'YYYYMMDD'))
The format provided is not the format of the Date field, but the format of the data being converted to a Timestamp. Then the Date() function converts the Timestamp value into a Date value. At this point format doesn't matter because regardless of which external format you have specified by *DATFMT, the timestamp is in the internal timestamp format, and the date value is in the internal date format. The next time the format matters is when you present the Date value to a user as a string or number. At that point the format can be set to *ISO, *EUR, *USA, *JIS, *YMD, *MDY, *DMY, or *JUL, and in some cases *LONGJUL and the *Cxxx formats are available.
Since none of variants suited my needs I've came out with my own.
It is as simple as:
select * from yourschema.yourtable where yourdate = int(CURRENT DATE - 1 days) - 19000000;
This days thing is leap year-aware and suits most needs fine.
Same way days can be turned to months or years.
No need for heavy artillery like VARCHAR_FORMAT/TIMESTAMP_FORMAT.
Below worked for me:
select date(substring(trim(DateCharCol), 1, 2)||'/'||substring(trim(DateCharCol), 3, 2)||'/'||'20'||substring(trim(DateCharCol), 5, 2)) from yourTable where TableCol =?;
I am trying to filter a query by date.
I have this line in my query:
AND (the_date like CONCAT (TO_DATE($P{THE_DATE}, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),'%'))
However, I just cannot seem to compare the parameter date to the database date effectively.
Database date is of type DATE. Parameter is of type String.
I've also tried:
AND (TO_CHAR(the_date) like CONCAT ($P{THE_DATE,'%')
Are my data types wrong? I've tried others but to no avail. Is my query wrong?
I'm using iReport... I looked for some kind of debugging option to see what is actually being executed but didn't find any.
When you want to compare DATEs, you need to convert the literal into DATE using TO_DATE.
No need to use LIKE operator. You could either useTRUNC on the DATE column, however, that would suppress any regular index usage. It would be better to use a DATE RANGE condition.
Remember, DATE has both date and time elements.
For example,
WHERE
the_date >= TO_DATE('14-MAY-2015','DD-MON-YYYY')
AND
the_date < TO_DATE('14-MAY-2015','DD-MON-YYYY') +1;
Instead of literals in above example, you could use your INPUT parameter or the local variable which you have defined as string.
WHERE
the_date >= TO_DATE(in_date,'DD-MON-YYYY')
AND
the_date < TO_DATE(in_date,'DD-MON-YYYY') +1;
The format stored in the databases was like 12/MAY/15.
Although I am convinced I attempted this in the input parameter which was of type String, this proved to be the magic answer :) my input was '12/MAY/15' and it worked.
I've been tasked to take a calendar date range value from a form front-end and use it to, among other things, feed a query in a Teradata table that does not have a datetime column. Instead the date is aggregated from two varchar columns: one for year (CY = current year, LY = last year, LY-1, etc), and one for the date with format MonDD (like Jan13, Dec08, etc).
I'm using Coldfusion for the form and result page, so I have the ability to dynamically create the query, but I can't think of a good way to do it for all possible cases. Any ideas? Even year differences aside, I can't think of anything outside of a direct comparison on each day in the range with a potential ton of separate OR statements in the query. I'm light on SQL knowledge - maybe there's a better way to script it in the SQL itself using some sort of conversion on the two varchar columns to form an actual date range where date comparisons could then be made?
Here is some SQL that will take the VARCHAR date value and perform some basic manipulations on it to get you started:
SELECT CAST(CAST('Jan18'||TRIM(EXTRACT(YEAR FROM CURRENT_DATE)) AS CHAR(9)) AS DATE FORMAT 'MMMDDYYYY') AS BaseDate_
, CASE WHEN Col1 = 'CY'
THEN BaseDate_
WHEN Col1 = 'LY'
THEN ADD_MONTHS(BaseDate_, -12)
WHEN Col1 = 'LY-1'
THEN ADD_MONTHS(BaseDate_, -24)
ELSE BaseDate_
END AS DateModified_
FROM {MyDB}.{MyTable};
The EXTRACT() function allows you to take apart a DATE, TIME, or TIMESTAMP value.
You have you use TRIM() around the EXTRACT to get rid of the whitespace that is added converting the DATEPART to a CHAR data type. Teradata is funny with dates and often requires a double CAST() to get things sorted out.
The CASE statement simply takes the encoded values you suggested will be used and uses the ADD_MONTHS() function to manipulate the date. Dates are INTEGER in Teradata so you can also add INTEGER values to them to move the date by a whole day. Unlike Oracle, you can't add fractional values to manipulate the TIME portion of a TIMESTAMP. DATE != TIMESTAMP in Teradata.
Rob gave you an sql approach. Alternatively you can use ColdFusion to generate values for the columns you have. Something like this might work.
sampleDate = CreateDate(2010,4,12); // this simulates user input
if (year(sampleDate) is year(now())
col1Value = 'CY';
else if (year(now()) - year(sampleDate) is 1)
col1Value = 'LY'
else
col1Value = 'LY-' & DateDiff("yyyy", sampleDate, now());
col2Value = DateFormat(sampleDate, 'mmmdd');
Then you send col1Value and col2Value to your query as parameters.