I'm doing work experience where I've created a database of past students in Microsoft Access 2007.
I have problem with creating a query to filter students who have done Introduction Course but nothing else. I guess I need 2 filters.
I have Two tables: Customers and Courses with an one to many relationship: each customer/student can attend one or more courses.
So there are students who did one or more than one courses. I have 111 students who did Introduction course. But some of them did Intermediate course as well or both Intermediate course and Advanced course as well.
I need to filter students who have done Introduction course but nothing else;
And who have done both Introduction course and Intermediate course but nothing else;
I'm struggling to separate those students
At the moment my SQL statement looks like this:
SELECT Customers.FirstName, Customers.Surname, Customers.Email, Courses.CourseName, Courses.CourseDate, Customers.CustID
FROM Customers INNER JOIN Courses ON Customers.CustID = Courses.CustID
WHERE (((Courses.CourseName) Like "Intro?*"))
ORDER BY Customers.FirstName;
The current result is 111 students. But more than half of them did other courses as well(if you count manually).
I need to filter students who have done Introduction course only but nothing else (the list of students - their details, who did not do any other course, just Introduction);
I want to create a query to find out who have done Introduction course but nothing else;
Second query is to find out who have done "Introduction course and Intermediate course but nothing else" .
Courses Table
CourseID
CourseName
CourseDate
CustID
Notes
There is a list of other courses in the "Courses Table"
Advanced
Airbrush
Bridal
Hair
Intermediate
Introduction
Refreshner
Customer Table
CustID
FirstName
Surname
Email
Phone
Address1
Address2
Address3
DateOfBirth
Extra info
That's my problem. I still can not figure out how to do that students with other courses shall not be part of the result???
This is the code I came up with to find out Who Did more than Introduction course:
SELECT Customers.FirstName, Customers.Surname, Customers.Email, Count(Courses.CourseName) AS CountOfCourseName, Courses.CustID
FROM Customers INNER JOIN Courses ON Customers.CustID = Courses.CustID
GROUP BY Customers.FirstName, Customers.Surname, Customers.Email, Courses.CustID
HAVING (((Count(Courses.CourseName))>1));
Now I need to figure out how to hide them but instead to display who did only Introduction course and nothing else (?).
Generally I suggest you read about sub-queries and combining queries.
In your attempts you miss the "but not like" dependency between customers and courses.
I tried the following in PostgreSQL, so I don't know if this adapted version works in Access.
It also might not be the most efficient solution.
SELECT FirstName, Surname, Email, CourseName, CourseDate, Customers.CustID
FROM Customers INNER JOIN Courses ON Customers.CustID = Courses.CustID
WHERE CourseName LIKE "Intro*" AND Courses.CustID NOT IN
(SELECT CustID
FROM Courses
WHERE CourseName IN ("Advanced", "Airbrush", "Bridal", "Hair", "Intermediate", "Refreshner"))
ORDER BY FirstName;
For your second query you have switch "Introduction" with "Intermediate". That will give you all customers who only attended the Intermediate course. Then you have to use UNION, to combine this query with your first one (SELECT [A] UNION SELECT [B]). Of course the ORDER BY FirstName in the middle has to be removed, as well as the semicolon in the middle. This will get you all customers who attended the Introduction and Intermediate course, but nothing else. Again, this might not be the most efficient solution.
Related
In class, professor said that SQL language does not provide 'for all' operator.
In order to use 'for all' you have to use 'not exist( X except Y)'
At this point, I can't figure out why 'for all' is same meaning as 'not exist( X except Y)'
I give you example relation:
course (cID,title,deptName,credit),
teaches (pID,cID,semester,year,classroom),
student (sID,name,gender,deptName)
Q: Find all student names who have taken all courses offered in 'CS' department
The answer is:
Select distinct
S.sid, S.name
from
student as S
where
not exists (
(select cID from course where deptName = 'CS')
except
(select T.cID from takes as T where S.sID = T.sID)
);
Can you give me specific explain about that?
ps. Sorry for my English skill
You professor is right. SQL has no direct way to query all records that have all possible relations of a certain type.
It's easy to query which relations of a certain type a record has. Just INNER JOIN the two tables and you are done.
But in an M:N relationship like "students" to "taken courses" it's not that simple.
To answer the question "which student has taken all possible courses" you must find out which relations could possibly exist and then make sure that all of them do actually exist.
select distinct
S.sid, S.name
from
student as S
where
not exists (
(select cID from course where deptName = 'CS')
except
(select T.cID from takes as T where S.sID = T.sID)
);
can be translated as
give me all students SELECT
for whom it is true: WHERE
that the following set is empty NOT EXISTS
(any course in 'CS') "all relations that can possibly exist"
minus EXCEPT
(all courses the student has taken) "the ones that do actually exist"
In other words: Of all possible relations there is no relation that does not exist.
There are other ways of expressing the same thought that can be used in database systems without support for EXCEPT.
For example
select
S.sid,
S.name
from
student as S
inner join takes as T on T.sID = S.sID
inner join course as C on C. cID = T. cID
where
c. deptName = 'CS'
group by
S.sid,
S.name
having
count(*) = (select count(*) from course where deptName = 'CS');
From your table definition and requirement its not clear what is the use of teaches table. You want the list of students names those have taken all courses offered by 'CS' department. For this students and course table is enough.
SELECT name
FROM
(
SELECT B.name, A.cid
FROM course A
INNER JOIN student B ON A.deptName = B.deptName
WHERE A.deptName = 'CS'
GROUP BY A.cid, B.name
) A
GROUP BY name
HAVING COUNT(name) >= (SELECT COUNT(cid) FROM course WHERE deptName = 'CS')
Internal query just selects all students those have taken any course offered by 'CS' dept and with group by I just make sure that in case a student take same course twice they will be counted as one row. Next I just select those students take all course offered by 'CS' dept.
I think you have some gap to understand your requirement properly. In your requirement no relation with teaches table is specified.
Q: Find all student names who have taken all courses offered in 'CS'
department
NOT EXISTS returns true if the query passed to it contains 0 records.
In this case, your sub-query from NOT EXISTS selects all the courses offered in 'CS', and subtract from this result set all the courses taken by specific student.
If the student have taken all the courses then except will remove all and the sub-query will return 0 records, which in pair with NOT EXISTS will give you true for specific student, and it will be displayed in final result set.
Brief history: Codd invented the Relational Model (RM), some people created a DBMS loosely based on RM to prove a RM product could be performant, and the SQL language emerged based on that DBMS (i.e. not directly based on the RM).
Codd came up with a set of primitive operators to define a database as being relationally complete. His algebra included product, where two relations are 'multiplied' together to give a combined relation; this made it into SQL as CROSS JOIN. [Side note: people refer to this operator as 'Cartesian product', which results in a set of ordered pairs. However, product in RM results in a relation (as do all relational operators), and CROSS JOIN results in a table expression (loosely speaking).]
Codd's algebra also included a division operator. I guess the thinking is, we should be able to take the result of product and one of the relations and use an operator to result in the other relation. But it does has some practical use too, of course. It is commonly expressed as 'the supplier who supplies all products', after Chris Date's parts and suppliers database found in his books. SQL lacks an explicit division operator, so we need to use other operators to get the desired result.
Note there are two flavours of division, being exact division ("suppliers who supply all the parts we are interested in and no more") and division with remainder ("suppliers who supply at least all the parts we are interested in and possibly more"). I tend to be wary of the answers here that do not mention either the name 'division' or that you need to decide whether you need to deal with remainders.
The thinking behind your professor's answer is that a double negative (in mathematics and English) i.e. if the statement "there is no part I don't supply" is true for a given supplier then that supplier will be in the result.
Note there are operators that Codd omitted (e.g. rename and summerize) that can now be found in SQL, so it's a shame we are still waiting for division!
I'm pretty much an Access n00b, but I've built a basic database for a friend's school to keep track of students seeing the counselling team. They're all pretty happy with it, but they've asked if it's possible to quickly see how many students each counselor is seeing.
I have tables set up for staff, students, and case notes, and I thought it would be easy to create a query that does this, but I cant get it to work; it keeps returning the number of case notes per staff member, rather than the students:
Query right now. Staff #7 has seen one student twice.
What I'd like it to do is tell me how many students each counselor is seeing, based on the case notes they've entered.
I'm really hoping for a solution I can implement in design view, rather than SQL.
You can DL the database if you want to look at it:https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B0RvbnEcKEagZldJMDZkZmkybkk/view?usp=sharing
(It's all dummy data)
Thanks in advance for any guidance you can offer me.
I was going to say, "count distinct," but apparently that's not a thing in Access.
Instead, you'll need to run two queries that are the equivalent of
select StaffID, FirstName, LastName, count(*)
from (
select distinct StaffID, FirstName, LastName, Student
from TblStaff stf join TblCaseNote nte on nte.Staff = stf.StaffID
) foo
group by StaffID, FirstName, LastName
The first query should have StaffID, FirstName, LastName, and Student, each set to Group By.
Then create another query that has the first as its source and Group By all columns except Student, which you should count.
I am creating an app that makes guest lists for greek life events at universities.
The two tables I am working with are 'student' table and 'participant' table.
The fields in the student table are: student_id, student_name, university, and chapter.
Students with chapter id's are considered members, and students without chapter id's are considered guests when making guest lists(participant table).
The participant table fields are: participant_id, member(which is related to student_id), guest (which is also related to student_id), and event.
When trying to add guests to the guest list for an event, I wrote the following sql query to filter out students from different universities and that aren't in chapters and weren't already on the list:
$student = getColumn("SELECT guest FROM participant WHERE event = '$event'");
$university = getSqlValue("SELECT university FROM student WHERE student_id = '$member'");
$f->setOption('filter',
"SELECT student_name
FROM `student`
LEFT JOIN participant ON student.student_id = participant.guest
WHERE student.chapter = ''
AND student.university = '$university'
AND participant.guest != '$student'");
So, I know this isn't going to work, because I have a whole array for $student, but even if I try it with one student id, the query doesn't work. It returns empty. If I remove the last AND particpant.guest!= $student, then the query returns all the students at the university that are not members of a chapter.
My question has two parts:
Why wouldn't that query work with one value for student?
Can someone think of a better way to go about doing this?
I have a table of students and schools. How do I select the total students per school?
I'm sure this is a very simple query, however I'm not sure how to proceed on from this:
SELECT tblSchools.name
FROM tblStudentDetails
INNER JOIN tblSchools
ON tblStudentDetails.schoolId = tblSchools.id
Group by the school and use count() to count the students
SELECT s.name, count(d.id) as students_count
FROM tblSchools s
INNER JOIN tblStudentDetails d ON d.schoolId = s.id
GROUP BY s.name
I want to add on to the accepted answer as well. Working for a school district and continuously having to pull counts of students there are a few additional things to keep in mind. What students are you looking for?
Do you want active students, inactive students, or active and inactive students.
Do you want to include students that have been no showed (were going to come to your school, but ended up not coming for even a day, this is recorded in most student information systems.
Is the student attending multiple schools, in which case you want to exclude them from counting in their second or third school.
I've built the script with the idea of a normalized school district database, where things are broken out by school year, and enrollment.
Often a basic script for me looks a little like this.
SELECT s.SCHOOL_NAME, COUNT(stu.STUDENT_GU) AS STUDENT_COUNT
FROM STUDENT stu
JOIN STUDENT_YEAR sy ON sy.STUDENT_ID = stu.STUDENT_ID
JOIN SCHOOL_YEAR scy ON scy.SCHOOL_YEAR_ID = sy.SCHOOL_YEAR_ID
JOIN SCHOOL s ON s.SCHOOL_ID = scy.SCHOOL_ID
JOIN YEAR y ON y.YEAR_ID = sy.YEAR_ID
WHERE y.SCHOOL_YEAR = 2017
AND (sy.CONCURRENT IS NULL OR sy.CONCURRENT OR != 'Not Concurrent')
AND sy.ENTER_DATE IS NOT NULL
AND sy.STATUS IS NULL
GROUP BY s.SCHOOL_NAME
Because each school year is a new year, students, and schools usually have a table for the basic data that doesn't change. But also tables that are school year specific. In my example STUDENT_YEAR and SCHOOL_YEAR is where we get into the specifics regarding which kids we are actually getting, and where they currently are. I utilize the YEAR table to identify which school year I want to look at.
The STUDENT_YEAR table is where we store the students concurrency flag, enter date, and so within that table I can use in the WHERE clause a way to filter out Inactive Students, Concurrent Students, and ensure each student is counted only once.
If those year values aren't included, at least in my database, I would get all students ever enrolled for every year we've got stored.
I am having a few issues with a DB query.
I have two tables, students (Fields: FirstName, LastName, StdSSN), and teachers (TFirstName, TLastName, TSSN) which I've stripped down for this example. I need to perform a query that will return all the students except for the students that are teachers themselves.
I have the query
SELECT student.FirstName, student.LastName
FROM `student`,`teachers`
WHERE student.StdSSN=teachers.TSSN
Which gives me a list of all the teachers who are also students it does not provide me with a list of students who are not teachers, so I tried changing to:
SELECT student.FirstName, student.LastName
FROM `student`,`teachers`
WHERE student.StdSSN!=teachers.TSSN
Which gives me a list of all the students with many duplicate values so I am a little stuck here. How can I change things to return a list of all students who are not teachers? I was thinking INNER/OUTER/SELF-JOIN and was playing with that for a few hours but things became complicated and I did not accomplish anything so I've pretty much given up.
Can anyone give me any advice? I did see the query before and it was pretty simple, but I've failed somewhere.
Using NOT IN
SELECT s.*
FROM STUDENTS s
WHERE s.stdssn NOT IN (SELECT t.tssn
FROM TEACHERS t)
Using NOT EXISTS
SELECT s.*
FROM STUDENTS s
WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT NULL
FROM TEACHERS t
WHERE t.tssn = s.stdssn)
Using LEFT JOIN / IS NULL
SELECT s.*
FROM STUDENTS s
LEFT JOIN TEACHERS t ON t.tssn = s.stdssn
WHERE t.column IS NULL
I used "column" for any column in TEACHERS other than what is joined on.
Comparison:
If the column(s) compared are nullable (value can be NULL), NOT EXISTS is the best choice. Otherwise, LEFT JOIN/IS NULL is the best choice (for MySQL).