For oracle,
Can anyone fixes the function below to let it works with "a number (10,2)"? Just this condition only.
Here I come with the function..
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION Fmt_num(N1 in NUMBER)
RETURN CHAR
IS
BEGIN
RETURN TO_CHAR(N1,'FM9,9999.99');
END;
/
And I can use this with the SQL statement as follow
SELECT Fmt_num(price) from A;
That depends on what you mean by "works" and what output you want. My guess is that you just want to update the format mask
to_char( n1, 'fm999,999,999.99' )
That assumes, though, that you want to use hard-coded decimal points and separators and that you want to use the American/ European convention of separating numbers in sets of 3 rather than, say, the traditional Indian system of representing large numbers.
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION Fmt_num(N1 in NUMBER)
RETURN CHAR
IS
BEGIN
RETURN TO_CHAR(N1,'FM99,999,999.99');
END;
/
If you really want the comma every 4 digits, you could do this:
TO_CHAR(N1,'FM9999,9999,9999.99');
However, I'd recommend you use the locale-safe version (G for the grouping character, D for the decimal separator):
TO_CHAR(N1,'FM9999G9999G9999D99');
Related
I have a big problem right now and I really need your help, because I can't find the right answer.
I am currently writing a script that triggers a migration process from a table with raw data (data we received from an excel file) to a new normalized schema.
My problem is that there is a column PRICE (varchar2 datatype) with a bunch of traps. For example: 540S, 25oo , I200 , S000 .
And I need to convert it to the correct NUMBER(9,2) format so I can get: 5405, 2500, 1200, 5000 as NUMBER for the previous examples and INSERT INTO my_new_table.
Is there any way I can parse every CHAR of these strings that verify certain conditions?
Or others better way?
Thank you :)!
One of the wonderful things about Oracle that some other DBs lack, is the TRANSLATE function:
SELECT TRANSLATE(number, 'SsIilOoxyz', '5511100') FROM t
This will convert:
S, s to 5
I, i and l to 1
O, o to 0
Remove any x, y or z from the number
The second and third arguments to translate define what characters are to be mapped. If the first string is longer than the second then anything over the length of the second is deleted from the resulting string. Mapping is direct based on position:
'SsIilOoxyz',
'5511100'
Look at the columns of the characters; the character above is mapped to the character below:
S->5,
s->5,
I->1,
i->1,
l->1,
O->0,
o->0,
x->removed,
y->removed,
z->removed`
You can use translate() and along with to_number(). Your rules are not exactly clear, but something like this:
select to_number(translate(price, '0123456789IoS', '012345678910'))
from t;
This replaces I with 1, o with 0, and removes S.
Proper way to format the numbers in ORACLE stored procedures.
I need to display currency fields with 2 decimals.
Expected output is as follows:
0 > 0.00
5 > 5.00
1253.6 > 1253.60
1253.689 > 1253.69
Below worked for me:
select to_char(9876.23 , 'fm999990.00') from dual;
But this has the issue of hard coding a bunch of 9s. If I give a larger number it will be displayed as "##############"
Is there any other way I can do this?
I need to display currency fields with 2 decimals.
Ensure you use the number data-type with scale and precision appropriate to the data rather than using NUMBER without scale and precision. If you are going to be storing dollars/euroes/pounds/etc. then the Gross World Product was of the order of $100,000,000,000,000 in 2014. Lets assume that you are not going to be dealing with more than this[citation needed] then your currency column can be:
NUMBER(17,2)
If you get a value that is bigger than that then you need to perform a sanity check on your data and think whether an amount bigger than the world's gross product makes sense. If you are going to store the values as, for example, Yen or Zimbabwe dollars then adjust the scale appropriately.
You could even define a sub-type in a package as:
CREATE PACKAGE currencies_pkg IS
SUBTYPE currency_type IS NUMBER(17,2);
FUNCTION formatCurrency(
amount IN CURRENCY_TYPE
) RETURN VARCHAR2;
END;
/
And your code to format it can be:
CREATE PACKAGE BODY currencies_pkg IS
FUNCTION formatCurrency(
amount IN CURRENCY_TYPE
) RETURN VARCHAR2
IS
BEGIN
RETURN TO_CHAR( currency_value, 'FM999999999999990D00' );
END;
END;
/
Then if you reference that sub-type in your stored procedures/packages you will not be able to exceed the maximum size of the currency data type without an exception being raised. The format model for displaying the value only needs to be defined in a single place and since the input is limited to the currency sub-type, then the formatting function will never exceed the imposed scale/precision and cannot output #s.
CREATE PROCEDURE your_procedure(
in_value1 IN ACCOUNTS_TABLE.ACCOUNT_BALANCE%TYPE,
in_value2 IN ACCOUNTS_TABLE.ACCOUNT_BALANCE%TYPE
)
IS
v_value CURRENCIES_PKG.CURRENCY_TYPE;
BEGIN
-- Do something
v_value := in_value1 + in_value2;
-- Output formatted value
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( CURRENCIES_PKG.formatCurrency( v_value ) );
END;
/
Why is "hardcoding a bunch of 9s" an issue? (It's how you need to do it if you plan to use TO_CHAR)
select to_char(9876.23 , 'fm9999999999999999999990D00') from dual;
ps; you might want to consider using D rather than . (not every country uses . as a decimal separator - D is language sensitive and will use the appropriate symbol)
I am trying to call/convert a numeric variable into string inside a user-defined function. I was thinking about using to_char, but it didn't pass.
My function is like this:
create or replace function ntile_loop(x numeric)
returns setof numeric as
$$
select
max("billed") as _____(to_char($1,'99')||"%"???) from
(select "billed", "id","cm",ntile(100)
over (partition by "id","cm" order by "billed")
as "percentile" from "table_all") where "percentile"=$1
group by "id","cm","percentile";
$$
language sql;
My purpose is to define a new variable "x%" as its name, with x varying as the function input. In context, x is numeric and will be called again later in the function as a numeric (this part of code wasn't included in the sample above).
What I want to return:
I simply want to return a block of code so that every time I change the percentile number, I don't have to run this block of code again and again. I'd like to calculate 5, 10, 20, 30, ....90th percentile and display all of them in the same table for each id+cm group.
That's why I was thinking about macro or function, but didn't find any solutions I like.
Thank you for your answers. Yes, I will definitely read basics while I am learning. Today's my second day to use SQL, but have to generate some results immediately.
Converting numeric to text is the least of your problems.
My purpose is to define a new variable "x%" as its name, with x
varying as the function input.
First of all: there are no variables in an SQL function. SQL functions are just wrappers for valid SQL statements. Input and output parameters can be named, but names are static, not dynamic.
You may be thinking of a PL/pgSQL function, where you have procedural elements including variables. Parameter names are still static, though. There are no dynamic variable names in plpgsql. You can execute dynamic SQL with EXECUTE but that's something different entirely.
While it is possible to declare a static variable with a name like "123%" it is really exceptionally uncommon to do so. Maybe for deliberately obfuscating code? Other than that: Don't. Use proper, simple, legal, lower case variable names without the need to double-quote and without the potential to do something unexpected after a typo.
Since the window function ntile() returns integer and you run an equality check on the result, the input parameter should be integer, not numeric.
To assign a variable in plpgsql you can use the assignment operator := for a single variable or SELECT INTO for any number of variables. Either way, you want the query to return a single row or you have to loop.
If you want the maximum billed from the chosen percentile, you don't GROUP BY x, y. That might return multiple rows and does not do what you seem to want. Use plain max(billed) without GROUP BY to get a single row.
You don't need to double quote perfectly legal column names.
A valid function might look like this. It's not exactly what you were trying to do, which cannot be done. But it may get you closer to what you actually need.
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION ntile_loop(x integer)
RETURNS SETOF numeric as
$func$
DECLARE
myvar text;
BEGIN
SELECT INTO myvar max(billed)
FROM (
SELECT billed, id, cm
,ntile(100) OVER (PARTITION BY id, cm ORDER BY billed) AS tile
FROM table_all
) sub
WHERE sub.tile = $1;
-- do something with myvar, depending on the value of $1 ...
END
$func$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
Long story short, you need to study the basics before you try to create sophisticated functions.
Plain SQL
After Q update:
I'd like to calculate 5, 10, 20, 30, ....90th percentile and display
all of them in the same table for each id+cm group.
This simple query should do it all:
SELECT id, cm, tile, max(billed) AS max_billed
FROM (
SELECT billed, id, cm
,ntile(100) OVER (PARTITION BY id, cm ORDER BY billed) AS tile
FROM table_all
) sub
WHERE (tile%10 = 0 OR tile = 5)
AND tile <= 90
GROUP BY 1,2,3
ORDER BY 1,2,3;
% .. modulo operator
GROUP BY 1,2,3 .. positional parameter
It looks like you're looking for return query execute, returning the result from a dynamic SQL statement:
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/plpgsql-control-structures.html
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/plpgsql-statements.html
I've got a Postgres ORDER BY issue with the following table:
em_code name
EM001 AAA
EM999 BBB
EM1000 CCC
To insert a new record to the table,
I select the last record with SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY em_code DESC
Strip alphabets from em_code usiging reg exp and store in ec_alpha
Cast the remating part to integer ec_num
Increment by one ec_num++
Pad with sufficient zeors and prefix ec_alpha again
When em_code reaches EM1000, the above algorithm fails.
First step will return EM999 instead EM1000 and it will again generate EM1000 as new em_code, breaking the unique key constraint.
Any idea how to select EM1000?
Since Postgres 9.6, it is possible to specify a collation which will sort columns with numbers naturally.
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/collation.html
-- First create a collation with numeric sorting
CREATE COLLATION numeric (provider = icu, locale = 'en#colNumeric=yes');
-- Alter table to use the collation
ALTER TABLE "employees" ALTER COLUMN "em_code" type TEXT COLLATE numeric;
Now just query as you would otherwise.
SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY em_code
On my data, I get results in this order (note that it also sorts foreign numerals):
Value
0
0001
001
1
06
6
13
۱۳
14
One approach you can take is to create a naturalsort function for this. Here's an example, written by Postgres legend RhodiumToad.
create or replace function naturalsort(text)
returns bytea language sql immutable strict as $f$
select string_agg(convert_to(coalesce(r[2], length(length(r[1])::text) || length(r[1])::text || r[1]), 'SQL_ASCII'),'\x00')
from regexp_matches($1, '0*([0-9]+)|([^0-9]+)', 'g') r;
$f$;
Source: http://www.rhodiumtoad.org.uk/junk/naturalsort.sql
To use it simply call the function in your order by:
SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY naturalsort(em_code) DESC
The reason is that the string sorts alphabetically (instead of numerically like you would want it) and 1 sorts before 9.
You could solve it like this:
SELECT * FROM employees
ORDER BY substring(em_code, 3)::int DESC;
It would be more efficient to drop the redundant 'EM' from your em_code - if you can - and save an integer number to begin with.
Answer to question in comment
To strip any and all non-digits from a string:
SELECT regexp_replace(em_code, E'\\D','','g')
FROM employees;
\D is the regular expression class-shorthand for "non-digits".
'g' as 4th parameter is the "globally" switch to apply the replacement to every occurrence in the string, not just the first.
After replacing every non-digit with the empty string, only digits remain.
This always comes up in questions and in my own development and I finally tired of tricky ways of doing this. I finally broke down and implemented it as a PostgreSQL extension:
https://github.com/Bjond/pg_natural_sort_order
It's free to use, MIT license.
Basically it just normalizes the numerics (zero pre-pending numerics) within strings such that you can create an index column for full-speed sorting au naturel. The readme explains.
The advantage is you can have a trigger do the work and not your application code. It will be calculated at machine-speed on the PostgreSQL server and migrations adding columns become simple and fast.
you can use just this line
"ORDER BY length(substring(em_code FROM '[0-9]+')), em_code"
I wrote about this in detail in this related question:
Humanized or natural number sorting of mixed word-and-number strings
(I'm posting this answer as a useful cross-reference only, so it's community wiki).
I came up with something slightly different.
The basic idea is to create an array of tuples (integer, string) and then order by these. The magic number 2147483647 is int32_max, used so that strings are sorted after numbers.
ORDER BY ARRAY(
SELECT ROW(
CAST(COALESCE(NULLIF(match[1], ''), '2147483647') AS INTEGER),
match[2]
)
FROM REGEXP_MATCHES(col_to_sort_by, '(\d*)|(\D*)', 'g')
AS match
)
I thought about another way of doing this that uses less db storage than padding and saves time than calculating on the fly.
https://stackoverflow.com/a/47522040/935122
I've also put it on GitHub
https://github.com/ccsalway/dbNaturalSort
The following solution is a combination of various ideas presented in another question, as well as some ideas from the classic solution:
create function natsort(s text) returns text immutable language sql as $$
select string_agg(r[1] || E'\x01' || lpad(r[2], 20, '0'), '')
from regexp_matches(s, '(\D*)(\d*)', 'g') r;
$$;
The design goals of this function were simplicity and pure string operations (no custom types and no arrays), so it can easily be used as a drop-in solution, and is trivial to be indexed over.
Note: If you expect numbers with more than 20 digits, you'll have to replace the hard-coded maximum length 20 in the function with a suitable larger length. Note that this will directly affect the length of the resulting strings, so don't make that value larger than needed.
i was wondering if there was a function in Oracle to count the number of character size in Oracle, i.e. given "Burger", the SQL returns 6.
i.e. select XXX('Burger') from DUAL;
You can use LENGTH() for CHAR / VARCHAR2 and DBMS_LOB.GETLENGTH() for CLOB. Both functions will count actual characters (not bytes).
See the linked documentation if you do need bytes.
you need length() function
select length(customer_name) from ar.ra_customers
The length function will do it. See http://www.techonthenet.com/oracle/functions/length.php
Regarding to Your example
select length('Burger') from dual;
I hope this will help :)