GROUP BY or COUNT Like Field Values - UNPIVOT? - sql

Question

I have a table with test fields, Example
id | test1 | test2 | test3 | test4 | test5
+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+
12345 | P | P | F | I | P
So for each record I want to know how many Pass, Failed or Incomplete (P,F or I)
Is there a way to GROUP BY value?
Pseudo:
SELECT ('P' IN (fields)) AS pass
WHERE id = 12345
I have about 40 test fields that I need to somehow group together and I really don't want to write this super ugly, long query. Yes I know I should rewrite the table into two or three separate tables but this is another problem.
Expected Results:
passed | failed | incomplete
+----------+----------+----------+
3 | 1 | 1
Suggestions?
Note: I'm running PostgreSQL 7.4 and yes we are upgrading

Answer 1

I may have come up with a solution:
SELECT id
,l - length(replace(t, 'P', '')) AS nr_p
,l - length(replace(t, 'F', '')) AS nr_f
,l - length(replace(t, 'I', '')) AS nr_i
FROM (SELECT id, test::text AS t, length(test::text) AS l FROM test) t
The trick works like this:
Transform the rowtype into its text representation.
Measure character-length.
Replace the character you want to count and measure the change in length.
Compute the length of the original row in the subselect for repeated use.
This requires that P, F, I are present nowhere else in the row. Use a sub-select to exclude any other columns that might interfere.
Tested in 8.4 - 9.1. Nobody uses PostgreSQL 7.4 anymore nowadays, you'll have to test yourself. I only use basic functions, but I am not sure if casting the rowtype to text is feasible in 7.4. If that doesn't work, you'll have to concatenate all test-columns once by hand:
SELECT id
,length(t) - length(replace(t, 'P', '')) AS nr_p
,length(t) - length(replace(t, 'F', '')) AS nr_f
,length(t) - length(replace(t, 'I', '')) AS nr_i
FROM (SELECT id, test1||test2||test3||test4 AS t FROM test) t
This requires all columns to be NOT NULL.

Answer 2

Essentially, you need to unpivot your data by test:
id | test | result
+----------+----------+----------+
12345 | test1 | P
12345 | test2 | P
12345 | test3 | F
12345 | test4 | I
12345 | test5 | P
...
- so that you can then group it by test result.
Unfortunately, PostgreSQL doesn't have pivot/unpivot functionality built in, so the simplest way to do this would be something like:
select id, 'test1' test, test1 result from mytable union all
select id, 'test2' test, test2 result from mytable union all
select id, 'test3' test, test3 result from mytable union all
select id, 'test4' test, test4 result from mytable union all
select id, 'test5' test, test5 result from mytable union all
...
There are other ways of approaching this, but with 40 columns of data this is going to get really ugly.
EDIT: an alternative approach -
select r.result, sum(char_length(replace(replace(test1||test2||test3||test4||test5,excl1,''),excl2,'')))
from mytable m,
(select 'P' result, 'F' excl1, 'I' excl2 union all
select 'F' result, 'P' excl1, 'I' excl2 union all
select 'I' result, 'F' excl1, 'P' excl2) r
group by r.result

Answer 3

You could use an auxiliary on-the-fly table to turn columns into rows, then you would be able to apply aggregate functions, something like this:
SELECT
SUM(fields = 'P') AS passed,
SUM(fields = 'F') AS failed,
SUM(fields = 'I') AS incomplete
FROM (
SELECT
t.id,
CASE x.idx
WHEN 1 THEN t.test1
WHEN 2 THEN t.test2
WHEN 3 THEN t.test3
WHEN 4 THEN t.test4
WHEN 5 THEN t.test5
END AS fields
FROM atable t
CROSS JOIN (
SELECT 1 AS idx
UNION ALL SELECT 2
UNION ALL SELECT 3
UNION ALL SELECT 4
UNION ALL SELECT 5
) x
WHERE t.id = 12345
) s

Answer 4

Edit: just saw the comment about 7.4, I don't think this will work with that ancient version (unnest() came a lot later). If anyone thinks this is not worth keeping, I'll delete it.
Taking Erwin's idea to use the "row representation" as a base for the solution a bit further and automatically "normalize" the table on-the-fly:
select id,
sum(case when flag = 'F' then 1 else null end) as failed,
sum(case when flag = 'P' then 1 else null end) as passed,
sum(case when flag = 'I' then 1 else null end) as incomplete
from (
select id,
unnest(string_to_array(trim(trailing ')' from substr(all_column_values,strpos(all_column_values, ',') + 1)), ',')) flag
from (
SELECT id,
not_normalized::text AS all_column_values
FROM not_normalized
) t1
) t2
group by id
The heart of the solution is Erwin's trick to make a single value out of the complete row using the cast not_normalized::text. The string functions are applied to strip of the leading id value and the brackets around it.
The result of that is transformed into an array and that array is transformed into a result set using the unnest() function.
To understand that part, simply run the inner selects step by step.
Then the result is grouped and the corresponding values are counted.