I'm doing a rails app. I have to do a comparison engine a bit complex. I'm currently trying to do a prototype. My query can vary widely so i have to work with a lot of scopes, but that's not my problem.
My query have to compare candidates. These candidates have answered some tests. These tests belongs to category. Theses tests have different max value, and i have to be able to compare candidates by categories.
So i have to calculate a % of good answers. I have to be able to compare candidates in all possible use cases in one category. So, i have to be able to compare the average good answer rate for all this category.
In a nutshell : I have to be able to use subqueries in order to compare some candidates. I have to be able to compare them for a test or a category. My problem is using a subquery able to return a good answer rate for all tests a candidats may have passed in a category.
And I have to be able to use this subquery in an order_by or having clause.
How can I construct this subquery ? I have no problem to handle complex conditional queries with some scopes. This has to be a real subquery, because I am working with 6 or 7 models here.
I ask for an active record way, cause this must work with whatever database supported by rails.
Excuse my poor English.
Edit :
An example is worth 1000 words so how could do something like this :
Sessiontest.find(Candidat.where(:firstname => 'toto'))
This example is stupid, ok. So, is it possible to do something like this ?
Edit2 :
I saw some posts about AREL. I wish to know if it is possible to do this without a third party plugin.
Is it possible to do some sub queries in subqueries with arel? Because for example, my number of points per test, is the sum of the points of all his questions. (Sad, but I have to keep it). And I need this, so my subquery can calculate my good answers %.
So you got the idea. That's something, which has to be really powerful, so I need something powerful, and not too much error prone.
Edit3 : I made some progress, but I can't for a while post an answer.
It seem possible to get this work without any plugin. I have some success in buildings some subqueries like this :
toto = Candidat.where(:lastname => Candidat.select(:lastname).where(:lastname => "ulysse").limit(1))
The request :
Candidat Load (1.0ms)[0m SELECT "candidats".* FROM "candidats" WHERE "candidats"."lastname" IN (SELECT "candidats"."id" FROM "candidats" WHERE "candidats"."lastname" = 'ulysse' LIMIT 1
This works and create a real subquery. I will try some more advanced experiences, in order to get the level I actually need.
Just tried sub-subquery works wonder too.
Edit 5 :
I am trying some more advanced things, and there is a lot of things, i still don't understand.
- toto = Candidat.where("id = ? / ? ", Sessiontest.select(:id).where(:id => 6), Sessiontest.select(:id).where(:id => 2))
This is just a stupid example in order to get an object with an id of 3. This code works, but not as i expected.
See, the sql :
1m[35m (1.0ms)[0m SELECT COUNT("sessiontests"."id") FROM "sessiontests" WHERE "sessiontests"."id" = 6
[1m[36mSessiontest Load (0.0ms)[0m [1mSELECT id FROM "sessiontests" WHERE "sessiontests"."id" = 6[0m
[1m[35m (1.0ms)[0m SELECT COUNT("sessiontests"."id") FROM "sessiontests" WHERE "sessiontests"."id" = 2
[1m[36mSessiontest Load (1.0ms)[0m [1mSELECT id FROM "sessiontests" WHERE "sessiontests"."id" = 2[0m
[1m[35mCandidat Load (1.0ms)[0m SELECT "candidats".* FROM "candidats" WHERE (id = 6 / 2)
So, it does not use a subqueries. I tried with .to_sql. But it introduce my sql this way :
1m[36mCandidat Load (0.0ms)[0m [1mSELECT "candidats".* FROM "candidats" WHERE (id = 'SELECT id FROM "sessiontests" WHERE "sessiontests"."id" = 6' / 2 )[0m
So active record quoted the subreust for security purpose. this is closer to my wish, but not really what i want.
This does not work
Candidat.where("id = (?) / ? ", Sessiontest.select(:id).where(:id => 6).to_sql, Sessiontest.select(:id).where(:id => 2))
Quotes prevents the subquery to work.
But this work :
Candidat.where("id = (" + Sessiontest.select(:id).where(:id => 6).to_sql + ") / (" + Sessiontest.select(:id).where(:id => 2).to_sql + ") ")
[1m[36mCandidat Load (1.0ms)[0m [1mSELECT "candidats".* FROM "candidats" WHERE (id = (SELECT id FROM "sessiontests" WHERE "sessiontests"."id" = 6) / (SELECT id FROM "sessiontests" WHERE "sessiontests"."id" = 2) )[0m
But I find this ugly. I will try to get these subqueries working in a more dynamic way. I mean replace the integer values by columns name.
I don't have anymore the exact answer to this question, because i do not work in the same enterprise anymore. But the solution to this problem, was to use a group_by clause. So the request became really easy.
With a group_by, i was able to manipulate, category or a technology with ease.
Related
I have 3 Models: Offer, Request and Assignment. Assignment makes a connection between Request and Offer. Now I want to do this:
select *
from offer as a
where places > (
select count(*)
from assignment
where offer_id = a.id and
to_date > "2014-07-07");
I am not quiet sure how to achieve this with a django QuerySet... Any tips?
Edit: The query above is just an example, how the query in general should look like. The django model looks like this:
class Offer(models.Model):
...
places = models.IntegerField()
...
class Request(models.Model):
...
class Assignment(models.Model):
from_date = models.DateField()
to_data = models.DateField()
request = models.ForeignKey("Request",related_name="assignments")
offer = models.ForeignKey("Offer",related_name="assignments")
People now can create a offer with a given amount of places or a request. The admin then will connect a request with an offer for a given time. This is saved as an assignment. The query above should give me a list of offers, which have still places left. Therefore I want to count the number of valid assignments for a given offer to compare it with its number of places. This list should be used to find a possible offer for a given request to create a new assignment.
I hope this describes the problem better.
Unfortunately related subqueries aren't directly supported by ORM operations. Usage of .extra(where=...) should be possible in this case.
To get the same results without using a subquery something like the following should work:
Offer.objects.filter(
assignment__to_date__gt=thedate
).annotate(
assignment_cnt=Count('assignment')
).filter(
assignment_cnt__lte=F('places')
)
The exact query depends on the model definitions.
query = '''select *
from yourapp_offer as a
where places > (
select count(*)
from yourapp_assignment
where offer_id = a.id and
to_date > "2014-07-07");'''
offers = Offer.objects.raw(query):
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.6/topics/db/sql/
I'm trying to set up a subquery in ZendFramework 2 and I got an issue with the limit function for a Select object. Whatever I do, numeric value is put between quotes and makes my query fails : I should get LIMIT 1 and instead I get LIMIT '1'.
Seems this is not the first time this issue has been encountered, I saw some have asked about this issue before (like 8 months ago) but without getting any proper answer.
I also saw this issue has been marker as resolved in 2012 (https://github.com/zendframework/zf2/pull/2775) so I really don't understand what's happening there.
Here's my code in ZF2 :
$resultSet = $this->tableGateway->select( function (Select $select) use ($params) {
$sub = new Select();
$sub->from(array('temp' => 'scores'))
->columns(array(new \Zend\Db\Sql\Expression("id AS id")))
->where(array('temp.glitch' => array('None', 'Glitch')))
->where('temp.zone=scores.zone')
->order('temp.multi DESC, temp.score DESC')
->limit(1);
$select->join('players', 'player=players.id', array('player_name' => 'name', 'player_url' => 'name_url'))
->join('countries', 'players.country=countries.id', array('country_name' => 'name', 'country_iso' => 'iso'))
->join('cars', 'car=cars.id', array('car_name' => 'name'), 'left')
->join('zones', 'zone=zones.id', array('zone_name' => 'name'));
$select->where(array('scores.id' => $sub));
$select->order('scores.zone ASC');
print_r($select->getSqlString());
});
This should render the following query (which I get right except LIMIT '1' instead of LIMIT 1) :
SELECT "scores".*, "players"."name" AS "player_name", "players"."name_url" AS "player_url", "countries"."name" AS "country_name", "countries"."iso" AS "country_iso", "cars"."name" AS "car_name", "zones"."name" AS "zone_name"
FROM "scores" INNER JOIN "players" ON "player"="players"."id"
INNER JOIN "countries" ON "players"."country"="countries"."id"
LEFT JOIN "cars" ON "car"="cars"."id"
INNER JOIN "zones" ON "zone"="zones"."id"
WHERE "scores"."id" = (SELECT id AS id FROM "scores" AS "temp" WHERE "temp"."glitch" IN ('None', 'Glitch')
AND temp.zone=scores.zone ORDER BY "temp"."multi" DESC, "temp"."score" DESC LIMIT 1)
ORDER BY "scores"."zone" ASC
Since this doesn't seem to work this way, is there another way I could proceed to get my limit (using Mysql 5 database) ?
EDIT :
Thanks for your help. Finally I figured out a way to get things done the way I want and to remove the quotes by simply remove the subquery construction and to write it directly in the where function :
$select->where('scores.id = (SELECT id FROM scores AS lookup WHERE lookup.zone = scores.zone ORDER BY multi DESC , score DESC LIMIT 1)');
Although I can continue my dev with this, I feel more like using a poor trick to get rid of this issue and so I will let this question unanswered until someone comes with a real solution there.
Anyway there might be no solution at all, since it might be an issue in ZF2 core itself.
Change the line -
$select->where(array('scores.id' => $sub));
with
$select->where(array('scores.id' => new \Zend\Db\Sql\Expression("({$sub->getSqlString($this->tableGateway->adapter->getPlatform())})"));
Try with just above change.
And if it still doesn't work then make changes to the core Select class file located at -
PROJECT_FOLDER/vendor/zendframework/zendframework/library/Zend/Db/Sql/Select.php
Line No. 921 -
Change $sql = $platform->quoteValue($limit); with $sql = $limit;
Line No. 940 -
Change return array($platform->quoteValue($offset)); with return array($offset);
I have come across the issue from github and wondered as why it is still not working with the latest ZF2 files. I know the solution given above doesn't look like the proper one but I had to somehow make it work. I have tried it and it works.
Its only a quick fix before the actual solution comes into picture.
I am new to entity framework and learning making queries. Can anyone please help me how can I convert the following SQL query to run in entity framework?
select max(isnull(TInvoice.InvoiceNr, 0)) + 1
from TInvoice inner join TOrders
on TInvoice.OrderId = TOrders.OrderId
where TOrders.ClientFirmId = 1
As comments have said, without the data model it is hard to be exact.
Would really need to see how you have defined your relations in your data model.
I guess from first read my first impression is something along the lines of:
int max = context.TInvoice.Where(x => x.TOrders.ClientFirmId == 1).Max(x => x.InvoiceNr);
I have 2 models - Restaurant and Feature. They are connected via has_and_belongs_to_many relationship. The gist of it is that you have restaurants with many features like delivery, pizza, sandwiches, salad bar, vegetarian option,… So now when the user wants to filter the restaurants and lets say he checks pizza and delivery, I want to display all the restaurants that have both features; pizza, delivery and maybe some more, but it HAS TO HAVE pizza AND delivery.
If I do a simple .where('features IN (?)', params[:features]) I (of course) get the restaurants that have either - so or pizza or delivery or both - which is not at all what I want.
My SQL/Rails knowledge is kinda limited since I'm new to this but I asked a friend and now I have this huuuge SQL that gets the job done:
Restaurant.find_by_sql(['SELECT restaurant_id FROM (
SELECT features_restaurants.*, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY restaurants.id ORDER BY features.id) AS rn FROM restaurants
JOIN features_restaurants ON restaurants.id = features_restaurants.restaurant_id
JOIN features ON features_restaurants.feature_id = features.id
WHERE features.id in (?)
) t
WHERE rn = ?', params[:features], params[:features].count])
So my question is: is there a better - more Rails even - way of doing this? How would you do it?
Oh BTW I'm using Rails 4 on Heroku so it's a Postgres DB.
This is an example of a set-iwthin-sets query. I advocate solving these with group by and having, because this provides a general framework.
Here is how this works in your case:
select fr.restaurant_id
from features_restaurants fr join
features f
on fr.feature_id = f.feature_id
group by fr.restaurant_id
having sum(case when f.feature_name = 'pizza' then 1 else 0 end) > 0 and
sum(case when f.feature_name = 'delivery' then 1 else 0 end) > 0
Each condition in the having clause is counting for the presence of one of the features -- "pizza" and "delivery". If both features are present, then you get the restaurant_id.
How much data is in your features table? Is it just a table of ids and names?
If so, and you're willing to do a little denormalization, you can do this much more easily by encoding the features as a text array on restaurant.
With this scheme your queries boil down to
select * from restaurants where restaurants.features #> ARRAY['pizza', 'delivery']
If you want to maintain your features table because it contains useful data, you can store the array of feature ids on the restaurant and do a query like this:
select * from restaurants where restaurants.feature_ids #> ARRAY[5, 17]
If you don't know the ids up front, and want it all in one query, you should be able to do something along these lines:
select * from restaurants where restaurants.feature_ids #> (
select id from features where name in ('pizza', 'delivery')
) as matched_features
That last query might need some more consideration...
Anyways, I've actually got a pretty detailed article written up about Tagging in Postgres and ActiveRecord if you want some more details.
This is not "copy and paste" solution but if you consider following steps you will have fast working query.
index feature_name column (I'm assuming that column feature_id is indexed on both tables)
place each feature_name param in exists():
select fr.restaurant_id
from
features_restaurants fr
where
exists(select true from features f where fr.feature_id = f.feature_id and f.feature_name = 'pizza')
and
exists(select true from features f where fr.feature_id = f.feature_id and f.feature_name = 'delivery')
group by
fr.restaurant_id
Maybe you're looking at it backwards?
Maybe try merging the restaurants returned by each feature.
Simplified:
pizza_restaurants = Feature.find_by_name('pizza').restaurants
delivery_restaurants = Feature.find_by_name('delivery').restaurants
pizza_delivery_restaurants = pizza_restaurants & delivery_restaurants
Obviously, this is a single instance solution. But it illustrates the idea.
UPDATE
Here's a dynamic method to pull in all filters without writing SQL (i.e. the "Railsy" way)
def get_restaurants_by_feature_names(features)
# accepts an array of feature names
restaurants = Restaurant.all
features.each do |f|
feature_restaurants = Feature.find_by_name(f).restaurants
restaurants = feature_restaurants & restaurants
end
return restaurants
end
Since its an AND condition (the OR conditions get dicey with AREL). I reread your stated problem and ignoring the SQL. I think this is what you want.
# in Restaurant
has_many :features
# in Feature
has_many :restaurants
# this is a contrived example. you may be doing something like
# where(name: 'pizza'). I'm just making this condition up. You
# could also make this more DRY by just passing in the name if
# that's what you're doing.
def self.pizza
where(pizza: true)
end
def self.delivery
where(delivery: true)
end
# query
Restaurant.features.pizza.delivery
Basically you call the association with ".features" and then you use the self methods defined on features. Hopefully I didn't misunderstand the original problem.
Cheers!
Restaurant
.joins(:features)
.where(features: {name: ['pizza','delivery']})
.group(:id)
.having('count(features.name) = ?', 2)
This seems to work for me. I tried it with SQLite though.
ActiveRecord objects of the class 'Location' (representing the db-table Locations) have the attributes 'url', 'lat' (latitude) and 'lng' (longitude).
Lat-lng-combinations on this model should be unique. The problem is, that there are a lot of Location-objects in the database having duplicate lat-lng-combinations.
I need help in doing the following
Find objects that share the same
lat-lng-combination.
If the 'url' attribute of the object
isn't empty, keep this object and delete the
other duplicates. Otherwise just choose the
oldest object (by checking the attribute
'created_at') and delete the other duplicates.
As this is a one-time-operation, solutions in SQL (MySQL 5.1 compatible) are welcome too.
If it's a one time thing then I'd just do it in Ruby and not worry too much about efficiency. I haven't tested this thoroughly, check the sorting and such to make sure it'll do exactly what you want before running this on your db :)
keep = []
locations = Location.find(:all)
locations.each do |loc|
# get all Locations's with the same coords as this one
same_coords = locations.select { |l| l.lat == loc.lat and \
l.lng == loc.lng }
with_urls = same_coords.select { |l| !l.url.empty? }
# decide which list to use depending if there were any urls
same_coords = with_urls.any? ? with_urls : same_coords
# pick the best one
keep << same_coords.sort { |a,b| b.created_at <=> a.created_at }.first.id
end
# only keep unique ids
keep.uniq!
# now we just delete all the rows we didn't decide to keep
locations.each do |loc|
loc.destroy unless keep.include?( loc.id )
end
Now like I said, this is definitely poor, poor code. But sometimes just hacking out the thing that works is worth the time saved in thinking up something 'better', especially if it's just a one-off.
If you have 2 MySQL columns, you can use the CONCAT function.
SELECT * FROM table1 GROUP BY CONCAT(column_lat, column_lng)
If you need to know the total
SELECT COUNT(*) AS total FROM table1 GROUP BY CONCAT(column_lat, column_lng)
Or, you can combine both
SELECT COUNT(*) AS total, table1.* FROM table1
GROUP BY CONCAT(column_lat, column_lng)
But if you can explain more on your question, perhaps we can have more relevant answers.