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Are there any open source Lisp compilers suitable for real-time embedded applications? I.e. with incremental garbage collection, customisable memory handling, small footprint, etc.
Edit:
To clarify, by "compiler" I meant native code, not bytecode interpreter (though the suggested interpreting implementations for microcontrollers are interesting for being a lot smaller than what I thought possible!).
Take a look at Picobit and the code, which is a Scheme for microcontrollers. There is also tinyscheme, but I don't know how suitable it is for embedding into smaller processors.
There are some implementations that compile to C code, e.g. ECL (Embeddable Common Lisp). There is also a very recent library that compiles a subset of Common Lisp to a subset of C++ for the Arduino.
You mentioned "real-time" so nonchalantly, but getting real-time with garbage collection is not trivial. There do exist real-time garbage collectors, but I am not aware of any Lisp implementations using them yet.
There is also Hedgehog Lisp from Oliotalo, licensed under LGPLv2.1, with standard library licensed under BSD.
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http://embsysregview.sourceforge.net/
I'd like to avoid using eclipse if I can. Tried googling - nothing came up.
The debuggers of most commercial vendors will provide that functionality, for example Kiel MDK-ARM, IAR EWB, Rowley Associates CrossWorks.
Keil and IAR both provide code-size limited evaluation versions that you can use for non-commercial and evaluation purposes (i.e. you can't sell or distribute a product built using it), Rowley have a 30 day evaluation licence (as does IAR in addition to teh code limited version). For a full licence Rowley is by far the least expensive - largely because they use GCC rather than a proprietary compiler, but the debugger is their own and not based on GDB (and all the better for it!).
If you need free tools, CooCox CoIDE appears to do exactly what you want (and probably more). It is Eclipse based, so may not meet your requirements, but all the integration is already done for you, so it is less of a kit-of-parts than assembling Eclipse with CDT and various other plug-ins. In particular the embedded target debugging is integrated, and that is probably the most difficult part to get information on for Eclipse in my experience.
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Is there anything like Javadoc for documenting Fortran code? How does one document the API for the many functions they have so that they can find what they want more easily?
Not "standard", but I've used a program called "robodoc" that is able to work with Fortran.
Nowadays I believe Doxygen supports Fortran as well, which IMHO is a better tool than robodoc.
As janneb mentioned "robodoc" is clean, easy and hence useful. But you it will not analyze your program and you have to do everything yourself. On the other hand, Doxygen have incorporated the modern Fortran features(derived data types, type bound procedures, ... ) and just like C++ you can get an analysis of your program along with graphs etc.
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I want to develop some HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layers) to use in PIC32 and some ARM.
Basically I want to make some code that's usually available on a OS, like generic pin access, communication libraries, device I/O, etc.
Could you advise me with good books/websites?
I'll start with one that I've found a few weeks ago: http://www.kalinskyassociates.com/OnLineLearning.html
Thanks
Have you tried looking at some implementations?
eCos has a HAL, which has some documentation to go along with it.
eLua also has a HAL that has grown around it to support the platforms it runs on (ARM, AVR32, etc..), check the architecture information and the "Platform Interface" and "Generic Modules" menus. If you strip out the Lua, eLua is essentially a HAL.
There are likely other examples as well, but I'd recommend looking at living examples of cross-platform and non-cross-platform hardware APIs. Also, if/when you go and start putting together interfaces, make sure to examine individual platform peripheral implementations before nailing down the API. You will find that certain interaction models are commonly supported across many platforms, and others are very platform specific. If your API assumes functionality will always be available, it will be difficult to port to platforms that either have lacking or non-existent support for the functionality you want. Sometimes you may be able to work around this in software with simple solutions, other times you may find it is either impossible or horribly complicated to make behavior consistent across platforms.
You can try also looking at the OSEK interface documents. The standard does a good job of abstracting accesses to most commonly used peripherals. However, bear in mind that this is only a spec and you'd have to work out all implementation details.
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Are there tools out there which could automatically find copy-and-paste code among a set of files?
I was thinking of writing a script for this, which would just search for equal strings, but such script would find mostly irrelevant equalities. (Such as private final static ...).
Yes, try the Copy Paste Detector.
Our CloneDR is a tool for finding exact and near-miss blocks of code constructed by copy and paste activities.
It can handle systems of millions of lines of code.
It uses precise language grammars to pick out language structures (identifiers, expressions, statements, blocks, functions, classes, packages, ...) that have been copied, and to determine the points of variation across the sets of clones (any of those structures can be parameters!)
CloneDR operates on a wide variety of languages: C, C++, C#, Java, PHP, COBOL, Python, Ada, Fortran, EGL and visual basic (VBScript, VB6, VB.net).
The website has a number of sample clone detection reports from a variety of those languages.
This product is available for evaluation on http://www.semanticdesigns.com. Other open source alternatives are Simian and PMD CPD
http://patterninsight.com/products/cp-miner.php
Related paper - http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.123.113
CloneDigger for Python and Java.
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Does anyone know any source of examples and templates for software requirements, build environment description and other kind of documentations that are common for software development?
Thanks!
The ReadySet templates from tigris are quite comprehensive though you need to know html or have a good html editor to use them.
The IEEE provides standards for software documentation. For instance, high level requirements are defined in IEEE 830-1993 Software Requirements Specification.
This is a standard I've learned in school (using a book called Software Engineering - an object oriented perspective by Eric J. Braude, but I would not specifically recommend it.) It's more suited to a traditional waterfall development model though.
Googling the standard number should get you a couple of interesting links.
(The IEEE 830-1993 standard is superseded by IEEE 830-1998.)
The arc42 project is about a free Software Architecture Documentation template similar to the Software Architecture Document of the Rational Unified Process (commercial).
The state of Texas has a fine framework for the whole system development cycle.