I've recently obtained a PositiveSSL certificate at Namecheap and installed it on my server. Accessing the site from Firefox works fine, but accessing it from Ruby's net/https library doesn't work: it fails to verify the connection certificate even though I've specified the path to the certificate and I've checked that the file is readable. Curl also fails:
curl --cacert /path/to/cert https://mysite.com/
It simply says something like this:
curl: (60) SSL certificate problem, verify that the CA cert is OK. Details:
error:14090086:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed
More details here: http://curl.haxx.se/docs/sslcerts.html
curl performs SSL certificate verification by default, using a "bundle"
of Certificate Authority (CA) public keys (CA certs). If the default
bundle file isn't adequate, you can specify an alternate file
using the --cacert option.
If this HTTPS server uses a certificate signed by a CA represented in
the bundle, the certificate verification probably failed due to a
problem with the certificate (it might be expired, or the name might
not match the domain name in the URL).
If you'd like to turn off curl's verification of the certificate, use
the -k (or --insecure) option.
"certificate verify failed" isn't a terribly useful error message. How do I find out what exactly is wrong with my certificate and what to do about it? I find it confusing that it works in the browser but not anywhere else.
It looks like curl requires that the CA certificate file contains ALL certificates in the chain. I've downloaded all of them and combined them into a single file and now both Curl and Ruby are happy.
Related
I am trying to call an URL using curl, I used below command:
curl https://testenvironment/login --cert Qa1Certificate.pem
The result I get is:
curl: (60) Peer certificate cannot be authenticated with known CA certificates
More details here: http://curl.haxx.se/docs/sslcerts.html
curl performs SSL certificate verification by default, using a "bundle"
of Certificate Authority (CA) public keys (CA certs). If the default
bundle file isn't adequate, you can specify an alternate file
using the --cacert option.
If this HTTPS server uses a certificate signed by a CA represented in
the bundle, the certificate verification probably failed due to a
problem with the certificate (it might be expired, or the name might
not match the domain name in the URL).
If you'd like to turn off curl's verification of the certificate, use
the -k (or --insecure) option.
The Qa1Certificate.pem is placed in the current directory, and I believe that it is not taken into consideration because when I run the same command with a file name which does not exist:
curl https://testenvironment/login --cert ThisFileDoesNotExist.pem
I get the same result.
I am aware that I can obtain what I need using the -k or --insecure options( or other ways of disabling curl's verification of the certificate), but I
want to find out how can I use the certificate in order to perform a successful GET to my test environment.
The test environment uses a self signed certificate which I obtained using openSSL.
TLDR: it's --cacert
From the man page, which should be on your system or on the web:
-E, --cert <certificate[:password]>
(TLS) Tells curl to use the specified client certificate file when getting a file with HTTPS, FTPS or another SSL-based protocol. [snip rest]
Note the words 'client certificate'. --cert is used to specify a certificate and possibly key to authenticate the client, NOT to verify the server.
Now consider another entry on the man page:
--cacert
(TLS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate file to verify the peer. The file may contain multiple CA certificates. The certificate(s) must be in PEM format. Normally curl is built to use a default file for this, so this option is typically used to alter that default file.
This is the option to specify a cert or certs to verify (and specifically to anchor) the server's cert. Since your server cert is selfsigned, the cert is its own anchor/root and effectively is a CA cert, even though the server isn't actually a CA.
That's why the error message you posted includes the words
you can specify an alternate file using the --cacert option.
It does not say --cert.
Whether the client cert (and key) is read depends on the middleware used by the specific build of curl you are running. IME if built with OpenSSL it does give an error if you specify --cert with a nonexistent filename, but a version built with NSS (on Ubuntu 14.04LTS) gives an error only if the server requests client auth, which most servers don't.
When I run the following command:
# curl https://undisclosedwebsite.nl
I get the following error:
curl: (60) SSL certificate problem: unable to get local issuer certificate
More details here: http://curl.haxx.se/docs/sslcerts.html
curl performs SSL certificate verification by default, using a "bundle"
of Certificate Authority (CA) public keys (CA certs). If the default
bundle file isn't adequate, you can specify an alternate file
using the --cacert option.
If this HTTPS server uses a certificate signed by a CA represented in
the bundle, the certificate verification probably failed due to a
problem with the certificate (it might be expired, or the name might
not match the domain name in the URL).
If you'd like to turn off curl's verification of the certificate, use
the -k (or --insecure) option.
After some debugging with openssl s_client -connect https://undisclosedwebsite.nl I discovered that the following command with cURL does work:
curl https://undisclosedwebsite.nl --cacert /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
Isn't cURL supposed to use this file?
I am using self signed certificates with Apache mod_ssl module but I am getting
> curl_easy_perform() failed on: https://localhost/auth/example (SSL
> certificate problem: self signed certificate)
Is their a way to make ssl not fail? I know that curl has the option --insecure or -k so is there something similar I can add to http-ssl.conf?
mod_ssl will present whatever certificate it is configured to present. It is a client decision whether to accept the presented certificate or not; there is nothing you can configure in mod_ssl, other than the certificate itself, that will influence client verification.
If you want Curl to accept the server certificate, you can either:
Use --insecure/-k (as you are already aware)
Obtain a certificate signed by a public, trusted certificate authority (CA)
Use a self-signed CA to sign the server certificate, and tell Curl to verify the server certificate using that CA via the --cacert <CA certificate> option.
I'm trying to access box.com with libcurl. To use SSL I exported the SSL certificates with my web browser, box.com uses certificates issued by GeoTrust. But even if I pass them to curl (also with the command line tool (curl https://www.box.com --cacert /certs.pem)) I get an error that curl can't verify the certificate.
If I do exactly the same with a different site, which uses certificates issued by CAcert everything works just fine.
Do I need more/different certificates for box.com, additional to the GeoTrust certificates shown by the browser? If I use the complete certificate bundle stored in my system at /etc/ssl/certs I can connect to box.com but how do I found out which certificates are needed?
If you simply want to get it working, you could set this attribute to false:
CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER
I am trying to verify an SSL connection to Experian in Ubuntu 10.10 with OpenSSL client.
openssl s_client -CApath /etc/ssl/certs/ -connect dm1.experian.com:443
The problem is that the connection closes with a Verify return code: 21 (unable to verify the first certificate).
I've checked the certificate list, and the Certificate used to sign Experian (VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3) is included in the list.
/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
Yet I don't know why it is not able to verify the first certificate.
The entire response could be seen here:
https://gist.github.com/1248790
The first error message is telling you more about the problem:
verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate
The issuing certificate authority of the end entity server certificate is
VeriSign Class 3 Secure Server CA - G3
Look closely in your CA file - you will not find this certificate since it is an intermediary CA - what you found was a similar-named G3 Public Primary CA of VeriSign.
But why does the other connection succeed, but this one doesn't? The problem is a misconfiguration of the servers (see for yourself using the -debug option). The "good" server sends the entire certificate chain during the handshake, therefore providing you with the necessary intermediate certificates.
But the server that is failing sends you only the end entity certificate, and OpenSSL is not capable of downloading the missing intermediate certificate "on the fly" (which would be possible by interpreting the Authority Information Access extension). Therefore your attempt fails using s_client but it would succeed nevertheless if you browse to the same URL using e.g. FireFox (which does support the "certificate discovery" feature).
Your options to solve the problem are either fixing this on the server side by making the server send the entire chain, too, or by passing the missing intermediate certificate to OpenSSL as a client-side parameter.
Adding additional information to emboss's answer.
To put it simply, there is an incorrect cert in your certificate chain.
For example, your certificate authority will have most likely given you 3 files.
your_domain_name.crt
DigiCertCA.crt # (Or whatever the name of your certificate authority is)
TrustedRoot.crt
You most likely combined all of these files into one bundle.
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
(Your Primary SSL certificate: your_domain_name.crt)
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
(Your Intermediate certificate: DigiCertCA.crt)
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
(Your Root certificate: TrustedRoot.crt)
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
If you create the bundle, but use an old, or an incorrect version of your Intermediate Cert (DigiCertCA.crt in my example), you will get the exact symptoms you are describing.
SSL connections appear to work from browser
SSL connections fail from other clients
Curl fails with error: "curl: (60) SSL certificate : unable to get local issuer certificate"
openssl s_client -connect gives error "verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate"
Redownload all certs from your certificate authority and make a fresh bundle.
I came across the same issue installing my signed certificate on an Amazon Elastic Load Balancer instance.
All seemed find via a browser (Chrome) but accessing the site via my java client produced the exception javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException
What I had not done was provide a "certificate chain" file when installing my certificate on my ELB instance (see https://serverfault.com/questions/419432/install-ssl-on-amazon-elastic-load-balancer-with-godaddy-wildcard-certificate)
We were only sent our signed public key from the signing authority so I had to create my own certificate chain file. Using my browser's certificate viewer panel I exported each certificate in the signing chain. (The order of the certificate chain in important, see https://forums.aws.amazon.com/message.jspa?messageID=222086)
Here is what you can do:-
Exim SSL certificates
By default, the /etc/exim.conf will use the cert/key files:
/etc/exim.cert
/etc/exim.key
so if you're wondering where to set your files, that's where.
They're controlled by the exim.conf's options:
tls_certificate = /etc/exim.cert
tls_privatekey = /etc/exim.key
Intermediate Certificates
If you have a CA Root certificate (ca bundle, chain, etc.) you'll add the contents of your CA into the exim.cert, after your actual certificate.
Probably a good idea to make sure you have a copy of everything elsewhere in case you make an error.
Dovecot and ProFtpd should also read it correctly, so dovecot no longer needs the ssl_ca option.
So for both cases, there is no need to make any changes to either the exim.conf or dovecot.conf(/etc/dovecot/conf/ssl.conf)
If you are using MacOS use:
sudo cp /usr/local/etc/openssl/cert.pem /etc/ssl/certs
after this Trust anchor not found error disappears
For those using zerossl.com certificates, drag and drop all certificates (as is) to their respective folders.
Cut and pasting text into existing files, may cause utf8 issues - depending upon OS, format and character spacings.