How can I use wifi radio energy model in ns3? This file is for control energy of nodes specially state of nodes include : 1) Tx 2) Rx 3) Idle 4) Sleep.
the WifiRadioEnergyModel Class you mention is used to measure the energy consumption of WiFi nodes, based on the transitions of the radio state. According to the state, there is different energy consumption, and that is what is measured.
WifiRadioEnergyModel is used in the basic-energy-model-test.cc and rv-battery-model-test.cc in energy/examples folder.
Related
I am trying to build a MANET on NS-3. Is it feasible to measure the batteries of the wireless nodes and calculate the energy consumption? Can I use other standards, like Bluetooth, Zigbee, LoRA again by measuring the battery? So for example start the simulation using WiFi/Bluetooth/Zigbee/LoRA with the nodes having 100% battery, and with the use of trnasmition/receiving packets, to measure when the battery goes lower..70%, 30% ?
Yes, ns-3 has a module for working with energy consumption, it's in src/energy. Already having some power consumption models implemented:
Rakhmatov Vrudhula non-linear battery model
Model a generic Lithium Ion Battery
Linear model
You can look at some examples of how to implement the templates in src/energy/examples. Recalling that ns-3 has no proprietary technology modules like ZigBee and Bluetooth, it currently implements a common communications module LR-WPAN based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard.
There is also an unofficial LoRaWAN module that works on ns-3.
Currently I am working on this project to provide the layout of a smart street light system with energy saving function based on sensor network for energy management. The proposal is an autonomous-distributed-controlled light system, in which the lights turn on before pedestrians come and turn off or reduce power when there is no one by means of a distributed-installed sensor network.
I will be adding a few things to the project for energy reduction but what I need to know is how do I perform the simulation to show that this approach would reduce energy consumption?
I have two USRP N210s connected together as a receiver and transmitter and I'm trying to send multi tone signals across the channel. However, I am finding extra frequency spikes mirrored about the centre frequency for when I send a signal with more than 2 tones.
I am using a low pass filter at the output with a cutoff frequency of 200kHz and the signal I am sending is constrained to 0-200kHz. I have an out of tree module that creates the multi tone signals that are evenly distributed within this bandwidth.
As I increase the number of tones the reflected frequency components become more and more prominent to the point at which I can barely correlate the input and output signals.
This is what the transmitted multi tone signals looks like
And here is the flowchart at the receiver end
The center frequency of the USRP source (receiver) is given by
uhd.tune_request(center_freq, rf_freq=(center_freq + lo_offset),rf_freq_policy=uhd.tune_request.POLICY_MANUAL)
which evaluates to 2.48GHz for which is the baseband frequency for the transmitting USRP
It may be something to do with the down conversion in the USRP or when GNURadio is actually sampling from the receiver with respect to this process.
Removing the LPF and connecting the FFT sink to the USRP source doesn't fix anything. The extra frequency spikes are still there (assuming the number of tones > 2)
You're not specifying how you transmit your tones into the RX port of your USRP, but the most likely thing to have happened here is that you didn't use sufficient attenuation between TX and RX – and you're saturating the RX amplifier chain (hopefully not damaging it).
By saturating, you drive them into nonlinear operation, which would lead to a broadband intermodulation.
I have a SCB 68A connector from National Instruments and I want to read out the open voltage from it. So I used the example code provided by National Instruments (https://decibel.ni.com/content/docs/DOC-28502):
I got 5 mV which is a reasonable value (I measured the noise signal with an oscilloscope). Now I want to read out the noise signal from few channels. So I sightly changed the VI (according to the documentation I need to create an array of channels and flatten them):
But now I read out approximately 200 mV on both channels (and one of them is the same as in the first VI). It doesn't make any sense.
What am I doing wrong?
I want the user to be able to choose the channels, so I can't just write "Dev1/ai0:4".
Edit: I'm using the DAQ 14.0.0.
Edit 2: 1) There is nothing connected to the deivce - I just want to read out the noise signal.
2) I'm using the connector in the MIO with the disabled temperature sensor mode (the default configuration).
You are observing charge injection from the DAQ device's multiplexer. Connect each aiN terminal to aignd and you will be able to measure the noise of the DAQ device.
Charge Injection
Most NI DAQ boards have a single analog to digital converter (ADC) and provide multiple input channels by using a multiplexer (MUX) to switch the input of the ADC to the different analog input terminals ai0, ai1, etc:
As NI explains, when the DAQ device's multiplexer moves from one channel to the next, it can introduce a small charge on each channel. Since the open channel does not have a path for this charge to dissipate, the voltage of the channel will increase. This can also cause the channel to rail, slowly floating up to the maximum input voltage (usually 10 V).
Characterizing Noise
You can determine the noise of each component in your system by:
Measuring the noise of the DAQ device
Measuring the noise of the DAQ device and terminal block
Subtracting the DAQ device noise (step 1) from the system noise (step 2)
When you're finished, the value from step 1 is the noise of the DAQ device, and the value from step 3 is the noise of the SCB-68.
To measure the noise of an electric path, there must be a complete circuit for the ADC to sample. For step 1, connect each aiN terminal to aignd and run your VI. For step 2, connect the terminal block to the DAQ device, disconnect the sensor, and connect the terminal block's channel terminals to its ground terminal and run your VI.
Minimizing Noise
In addition to charge injection, noise can be introduced to a DAQ system from several sources, including the environment. Open terminals act like small antennas and receive radiated energy from other electronics, lights, and the AC mains.
The link also outlines how to find and minimize noise, but the gist is:
Systematically identify the sources of the noise.
Remove sources of noise that aren't necessary for your measurements.
Depending on the nature and source of the remaining noise, use appropriate shielding, cabling, and terminal configuration.
Over-sample and average the signal.
Please have a look on the links below:
http://forums.ni.com/t5/Multifunction-DAQ/How-to-use-DAQmx-Read-to-measure-multiple-analog-channels/td-p/2620949
http://digital.ni.com/public.nsf/allkb/A3A05920BF915F1486256D210069BE49
There is the complete solution to your question.
Can anyone give me an example of data plane and control plane in the 'traditional' model i.e when SDN does not apply.
I understand how SDN works, but I don't really know about the traditional model.
In SDN, the data plane and control plane are divided, so how are the data plane and control planes organized in the 'traditional' model?
In a traditional network device, the Control Plane has the L3 route processor and the L2 switch processor CPUs, which “control” the packet or data flow. Some of the different packets the control plane handles are a variety of traffic, including BPDUs, routing updates, HSRP, CDP, CEF, process-switched packets, ARP, and management traffic such as SSH, SNMP, RADIUS. All of these are processed by the router or switch’s control plane. The Data Plane (or Forwarding Plane) deals with anything that goes “through” the router/switch and not “to” the router/switch. As you can imagine there are many vendors each with their own flavor of how to best control the logic of the decision making, and also how to best handle packet flow and throughput. But the common factor here is that both the control and data planes exist on the same device, as opposed to being decoupled from each other as in SDN.
Well, first off, this is what i understand so far.
Data and Control Plane. Lets talk about traditional networking. You have multiple routers linked together. Now the routing is not static i.e. there is no fixed path to reach one computer to another in the world. The path keeps on changing depending on various parameters like hop counts / congestion / etc. So how is this dynamic nature achieved? There are routing algorithms and other mechanisms at play which decide which path to choose. Now all this decision making process form the control plane. The "brain" part in router that sends/receives packets destined for INTERMEDIATE ROUTERS ONLY and not some terminal computer connected to Internet form the control plane.
As for data plane that is actually what forwards / routes the packet to the dynamic path.
So simply put, in a traditional switch/router, the propreitory software LOCAL TO EACH ROUTER / SWITCH which is deciding the routing decision and FILLING the Switch/Router forwarding table forms the Control Plane and the FORWARDING TABLES ENTRIES ITSELF would be the data plane.
Let's say you and I are in charge of public transportation for a small city.
Before we send bus drivers out, we need to have a plan.
Control Plane = Learning what we will do
Our planning stage, which includes learning which paths the buses will take, is similar to the control plane in the network. We haven't picked up people yet, nor have we dropped them off, but we do know the paths and stops due to our plan. The control plane is primarily about the learning of routes.
In a routed network, this planning and learning can be done through static routes, where we train the router about remote networks, and how to get there. We also can use dynamic routing protocols, like RIP, OSPF and EIGRP to allow the routers to train each other regarding how to reach remote networks. This is all the control plane.
Data Plane = Actualy moving the packets based on what we learned.
Now, after the routers know how to route for remote networks, along comes a customers packet and BAM! this is were the data plane begins. The data plane is the actual movement of the customers data packets over the transit path. (We learned the path to use in the control plane stage earlier).
Let's say you and I are in charge of public transportation for a small city.
Before we send bus drivers out, we need to have a plan.
Control Plane = Learning what we will do
Our planning stage, which includes learning which paths the buses will take, is similar to the control plane in the network. We haven't picked up people yet, nor have we dropped them off, but we do know the paths and stops due to our plan. The control plane is primarily about the learning of routes.
In a routed network, this planning and learning can be done through static routes, where we train the router about remote networks, and how to get there. We also can use dynamic routing protocols, like RIP, OSPF and EIGRP to allow the routers to train each other regarding how to reach remote networks. This is all the control plane.
Data Plane = Actualy moving the packets based on what we learned.
Now, after the routers know how to route for remote networks, along comes a customers packet and BAM! this is were the data plane begins. The data plane is the actual movement of the customers data packets over the transit path. (We learned the path to use in the control plane stage earlier).