how to convert the 24 hr to 12 hr in sql - sql

I have column of 24 hr and i need to change it to 12 hr, Please help .
Start time
174300
035800
023100
The result should be
Start time
05.43 PM
03.58 AM
02.31 AM

Use STUFF function to convert string to Time format
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR,CAST(STUFF(STUFF(ColumnName,3,0,':'),6,0,':') AS TIME),100)

Using one of the examples above - the following will work.
You need to split the data into hours/minutes and cast it to time format, than convert it to the relevant type:
declare #data int
set #data = 174300
select convert(VARCHAR(15),cast(cast(left(#data, 2 )as varchar(2)) + ':' + cast(substring(cast(#data as nvarchar(6)), 3,2 )as varchar(2) ) as time),100)

Don't store time as varchar, instead alter your table and change the column type to datetime.
SELECT right(convert(varchar(25), Start Time, 100), 7)
The 100 you see in the function specifies the date format mon dd yyyy hh:miAM (or PM), and from there we just grab the right characters.
You can see more about converting datetimes here.

Related

Strip year, month and date as int from a datetime field

I need to strip out part of a date (stored in my database table as a datetime field) in the form 'YYYYMMDD'. I would like the output to be an integer.
For example the datetime 2017-03-28 20:44:35.000 would convert to 20170328.
This is my attempt so far:
CAST(
CAST(DATEPART(year,transcriptCreationDateUTC) AS varchar(4))
+ CAST(DATEPART(month,transcriptCreationDateUTC) AS varchar(4))
+ CAST(DATEPART(day,transcriptCreationDateUTC) AS varchar(4))
AS int)
This is ugly to say the least, and also has the issue that it strips out leading zeros in the month and day fields, so for example 2017-03-28 20:44:35.000 converts to 2017328 not 20170328 as I would like.
There must be a better way, any help appreciated!
CONVERT with style 112 (which is YYYYMMDD format):
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(8),transcriptCreationDateUTC,112)
If you really need the result as an INT, wrap in a CAST(... AS INT):
SELECT CAST(CONVERT(VARCHAR(8),transcriptCreationDateUTC,112) AS INT)
Huh? Just convert to a date:
select cast(transcriptCreationDateUTC as date)
If you want this as a string:
select format(transcriptCreationDateUTC, 'yyyyMMdd')
If you are using a pre-2012 version of SQL Server, you can do:
select convert(varchar(10), transcriptCreationDateUTC, 112)
If you want these as an integer (which is not obvious given that your query returns a string), just convert these to an integer:
select cast(format(transcriptCreationDateUTC, 'yyyyMMdd') as int)
Or, use this arithmetic:
select (year(transcriptCreationDateUTC) * 10000 +
month(transcriptCreationDateUTC) * 100 +
day(transcriptCreationDateUTC)
) as yyyymmdd

How to perform arithmetic function in DATE TIME in SQL

I have four columns namely-
1. C_Date in YYYYMMDD format (varchar(255)) Eg. 20161231
2. C_Time in 4-digit Military format (varchar(255)) Eg. 2143
3. E_Date in YYYYMMDD format (varchar(255)) Eg. 20161230
4. E_Time in 4-digit Military format (varchar(255)) Eg. 1600
I want to Calculate the time between E event and C event. How can i perform this computation with a select statement?
Pretty simple to create a date type from the component values:
with data as (select '20161231' as c_date, '2143' as c_time)
select
convert(
datetime,
stuff(stuff(stuff(c_date + ' ' + c_time, 12, 0, ':'), 7, 0, '-'), 5, 0, '-'),
120
) as c_datetime
from data;
Use datediff() to calculate the time difference. You didn't specify how you wanted the output to look so I won't attempt a guess. There should be a hundred other questions out there with information relevant to your question though.
Also note that I did not append ':00' to the string to represent seconds. It seems to work though I couldn't track down an official document to confirm that. So to be safe you may want to tack that on as well. Arguably there could be a more universal format like ISO 8601 that would be a "better" solution. You get the idea though.
A small matter to convert your strings into a datetime. Then we use DateDiff() to calculate the differance between the two dates.
Declare #YourTable table (C_Date varchar(255),C_Time varchar(255),E_Date varchar(255),E_Time varchar(255))
Insert Into #YourTable values
('20161231','2143','20161230','1600')
;with cte as (
Select *
,CDT = try_convert(DateTime,C_Date+' '+stuff(C_Time,3,0,':'))
,EDT = try_convert(DateTime,E_Date+' '+stuff(E_Time,3,0,':'))
from #YourTable
)
Select CDT
,EDT
,Duration = concat(DateDiff(DD,EDT,CDT),' ',Format(DateAdd(Second,DateDiff(SECOND,EDT,CDT),'1899-12-31'),'HH:mm:ss'))
,AsSeconds = DateDiff(SECOND,EDT,CDT)
,AsMinutes = DateDiff(MINUTE,EDT,CDT)
From cte
Returns
CDT EDT Duration AsSeconds AsMinutes
2016-12-31 21:43:00 2016-12-30 16:00:00 1 05:43:00 106980 1783

Add 'minutes' to a text (in date time format) and convert it back to original varchar format SQL Server

I have a value stored as Varchar(50) as "2016-07-21 16:35:05". I want to add 5 minutes to it. How do I do it? Expected output "2016-07-21 16:40:05" as a Varchar.
I've so far tried converting the value to DATETIME and adding 5 minutes. But when I try to convert it back to varchar, it doesn't show up in the same format.
SELECT
CAST(DATEADD(MINUTE, 5, CAST([PickTime] AS DATETIME)) AS VARCHAR(50))
FROM
rawdata
Output I get: Jul 21 2016 4:40PM
But I wanted: 2016-07-21 16:40:05
Could anyone guide me ?
Thanks
SELECT FORMAT(DATEADD(MINUTE, 5, cast([PickTime] as datetime)),'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss')
FROM rawdata

Concatenating date and time fields

I have a table invoices with this fields:
invDate -> a date field
invTime -> a time field
I need to do querys like
SELECT top 10 * from invoices WHERE DATETIME(invDate+invTime)
BETWEEN DATETIME('2013-12-17 17:58') AND DATETIME()
or something like that. I don't know how to concatenate the invDate and invTime to create a datetime field. The only thing that i could do is this horribly thing:
DATETIME( YEAR(invDate), MONTH(invDate), DAY(invDate), 17, 52 ) AS MyDatetime
Couldn't even get hour and time with hour(invTime) and minute(invTime):
DATETIME( YEAR(invDate), MONTH(invDate), DAY(invDate),
HOUR(invTime), MINUTE(invTime) ) AS MyDatetime
I'm doing the querys throught the VFP Odbc Driver via PHP.
You were pretty close. If the value coming from PHP is not of a date/time, how could VFP interpret it properly. VFP also has a function CTOT() (character to time), and expects it in the format of 'yyyy-mm-ddThh:MM:ss??'
yyyy = 4 digit year
mm = 1 OR 2 digit month
dd = 1 OR 2 digit day
T -- literally the letter "T"
hh = 1 OR 2 digit hour (but typical is 2 anyhow)
MM = 1 or 2 digit minute (but typical is 2)
ss = 1 or 2 digit for seconds -- not required
?? = "AM" or "PM" if you wanted to explicitly provide that vs 24 hour clock
The MM and ss are optional, so if you finished with "T1" would be 1:00:00am
Now, to finish your query.
WHERE DATETIME(invDate+invTime)
BETWEEN DATETIME('2013-12-17 17:58') AND DATETIME()
Since this appears to be querying all invoices between a given date/time and NOW (via DateTime()), you don't even need between, you can do
WHERE YourTable.Column > CTOT( '2013-12-17T17:58')
If you specifically DID have a date/time range to consider, THEN you could do something like
WHERE YourTable.Column BETWEEN CTOT( '2013-12-05T10:00') AND CTOT( '2013-12-14T11:58')
PROBLEMS WITH your DATE() and TIME() implementations
The problem is Date() is a function to either return current date, or create based on y/m/d provided such as date( 2013, 12, 7 ). If you are passing a string, use CTOD( 'mm/dd/yyyy' ) such as CTOD( 12, 7, 2013 ).
As for the TIME() function that just expects a number and is of no use for you. From the OleDbProvider, your best bet is to just create a php function that builds a single string in the CTOT() format I've described and pass to the php function the date and time fields. Then use that as your "CTOT( functionReturnResult )"
To add a Date and a Time Field together you will need to convert them both to a same datatype 1st and than just simply add them together something like this....
DECLARE #D DATE = '2013-12-17'
DECLARE #T TIME = '17:58:00'
SELECT CAST(#D AS DATETIME) + CAST(#T AS DATETIME)
Result
2013-12-17 17:58:00.000
Your Query
SELECT top 10 *
from invoices
WHERE CAST(invDate AS DATETIME) + CAST(invTime AS DATETIME)
BETWEEN '20131217 17:58:00.000' AND GETDATE()

convert Excel Date Serial Number to Regular Date

I got a column called DateOfBirth in my csv file with Excel Date Serial Number Date
Example:
36464
37104
35412
When i formatted cells in excel these are converted as
36464 => 1/11/1999
37104 => 1/08/2001
35412 => 13/12/1996
I need to do this transformation in SSIS or in SQL. How can this be achieved?
In SQL:
select dateadd(d,36464,'1899-12-30')
-- or thanks to rcdmk
select CAST(36464 - 2 as SmallDateTime)
In SSIS, see here
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms141719.aspx
The marked answer is not working fine, please change the date to "1899-12-30" instead of "1899-12-31".
select dateadd(d,36464,'1899-12-30')
You can cast it to a SQL SMALLDATETIME:
CAST(36464 - 2 as SMALLDATETIME)
MS SQL Server counts its dates from 01/01/1900 and Excel from 12/30/1899 = 2 days less.
tldr:
select cast(#Input - 2e as datetime)
Explanation:
Excel stores datetimes as a floating point number that represents elapsed time since the beginning of the 20th century, and SQL Server can readily cast between floats and datetimes in the same manner. The difference between Excel and SQL server's conversion of this number to datetimes is 2 days (as of 1900-03-01, that is). Using a literal of 2e for this difference informs SQL Server to implicitly convert other datatypes to floats for very input-friendly and simple queries:
select
cast('43861.875433912' - 2e as datetime) as ExcelToSql, -- even varchar works!
cast(cast('2020-01-31 21:00:37.490' as datetime) + 2e as float) as SqlToExcel
-- Results:
-- ExcelToSql SqlToExcel
-- 2020-01-31 21:00:37.490 43861.875433912
this actually worked for me
dateadd(mi,CONVERT(numeric(17,5),41869.166666666664)*1440,'1899-12-30')
(minus 1 more day in the date)
referring to the negative commented post
SSIS Solution
The DT_DATE data type is implemented using an 8-byte floating-point number. Days are represented by whole number increments, starting with 30 December 1899, and midnight as time zero. Hour values are expressed as the absolute value of the fractional part of the number. However, a floating point value cannot represent all real values; therefore, there are limits on the range of dates that can be presented in DT_DATE. Read more
From the description above you can see that you can convert these values implicitly when mapping them to a DT_DATE Column after converting it to a 8-byte floating-point number DT_R8.
Use a derived column transformation to convert this column to 8-byte floating-point number:
(DT_R8)[dateColumn]
Then map it to a DT_DATE column
Or cast it twice:
(DT_DATE)(DT_R8)[dateColumn]
You can check my full answer here:
Is there a better way to parse [Integer].[Integer] style dates in SSIS?
Found this topic helpful so much so created a quick SQL UDF for it.
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.ConvertExcelSerialDateToSQL
(
#serial INT
)
RETURNS DATETIME
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE #dt AS DATETIME
SELECT #dt =
CASE
WHEN #serial is not null THEN CAST(#serial - 2 AS DATETIME)
ELSE NULL
END
RETURN #dt
END
GO
I had to take this to the next level because my Excel dates also had times, so I had values like this:
42039.46406 --> 02/04/2015 11:08 AM
42002.37709 --> 12/29/2014 09:03 AM
42032.61869 --> 01/28/2015 02:50 PM
(also, to complicate it a little more, my numeric value with decimal was saved as an NVARCHAR)
The SQL I used to make this conversion is:
SELECT DATEADD(SECOND, (
CONVERT(FLOAT, t.ColumnName) -
FLOOR(CONVERT(FLOAT, t.ColumnName))
) * 86400,
DATEADD(DAY, CONVERT(FLOAT, t.ColumnName), '1899-12-30')
)
In postgresql, you can use the following syntax:
SELECT ((DATE('1899-12-30') + INTERVAL '1 day' * FLOOR(38242.7711805556)) + (INTERVAL '1 sec' * (38242.7711805556 - FLOOR(38242.7711805556)) * 3600 * 24)) as date
In this case, 38242.7711805556 represents 2004-09-12 18:30:30 in excel format
In addition of #Nick.McDermaid answer I would like to post this solution, which convert not only the day but also the hours, minutes and seconds:
SELECT DATEADD(s, (42948.123 - FLOOR(42948.123))*3600*24, dateadd(d, FLOOR(42948.123),'1899-12-30'))
For example
42948.123 to 2017-08-01 02:57:07.000
42818.7166666667 to 2017-03-24 17:12:00.000
You can do this if you just need to display the date in a view:
CAST will be faster than CONVERT if you have a large amount of data, also remember to subtract (2) from the excel date:
CAST(CAST(CAST([Column_With_Date]-2 AS INT)AS smalldatetime) AS DATE)
If you need to update the column to show a date you can either update through a join (self join if necessary) or simply try the following:
You may not need to cast the excel date as INT but since the table I was working with was a varchar I had to do that manipulation first. I also did not want the "time" element so I needed to remove that element with the final cast as "date."
UPDATE [Table_with_Date]
SET [Column_With_Excel_Date] = CAST(CAST(CAST([Column_With_Excel_Date]-2 AS INT)AS smalldatetime) AS DATE)
If you are unsure of what you would like to do with this test and re-test! Make a copy of your table if you need. You can always create a view!
Google BigQuery solution
Standard SQL
Select Date, DATETIME_ADD(DATETIME(xy, xm, xd, 0, 0, 0), INTERVAL xonlyseconds SECOND) xaxsa
from (
Select Date, EXTRACT(YEAR FROM xonlydate) xy, EXTRACT(MONTH FROM xonlydate) xm, EXTRACT(DAY FROM xonlydate) xd, xonlyseconds
From (
Select Date
, DATE_ADD(DATE '1899-12-30', INTERVAL cast(FLOOR(cast(Date as FLOAT64)) as INT64) DAY ) xonlydate
, cast(FLOOR( ( cast(Date as FLOAT64) - cast(FLOOR( cast(Date as FLOAT64)) as INT64) ) * 86400 ) as INT64) xonlyseconds
FROM (Select '43168.682974537034' Date) -- 09.03.2018 16:23:28
) xx1
)
For those looking how to do this in excel (outside of formatting to a date field) you can do this by using the Text function https://exceljet.net/excel-functions/excel-text-function
i.e.
A1 = 132134
=Text(A1,"MM-DD-YYYY") will result in a date
This worked for me because sometimes the field was a numeric to get the time portion.
Command:
dateadd(mi,CONVERT(numeric(17,5),41869.166666666664)*1440,'1899-12-31')