How do I perform an IF...THEN in an SQL SELECT statement?
For example:
SELECT IF(Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y' ? 1 : 0) AS Saleable, * FROM Product
The CASE statement is the closest to IF in SQL and is supported on all versions of SQL Server.
SELECT CAST(
CASE
WHEN Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y'
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END AS bit) as Saleable, *
FROM Product
You only need to use the CAST operator if you want the result as a Boolean value. If you are happy with an int, this works:
SELECT CASE
WHEN Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y'
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END as Saleable, *
FROM Product
CASE statements can be embedded in other CASE statements and even included in aggregates.
SQL Server Denali (SQL Server 2012) adds the IIF statement which is also available in access (pointed out by Martin Smith):
SELECT IIF(Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y', 1, 0) as Saleable, * FROM Product
The case statement is your friend in this situation, and takes one of two forms:
The simple case:
SELECT CASE <variable> WHEN <value> THEN <returnvalue>
WHEN <othervalue> THEN <returnthis>
ELSE <returndefaultcase>
END AS <newcolumnname>
FROM <table>
The extended case:
SELECT CASE WHEN <test> THEN <returnvalue>
WHEN <othertest> THEN <returnthis>
ELSE <returndefaultcase>
END AS <newcolumnname>
FROM <table>
You can even put case statements in an order by clause for really fancy ordering.
From SQL Server 2012 you can use the IIF function for this.
SELECT IIF(Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y', 1, 0) AS Salable, *
FROM Product
This is effectively just a shorthand (albeit not standard SQL) way of writing CASE.
I prefer the conciseness when compared with the expanded CASE version.
Both IIF() and CASE resolve as expressions within a SQL statement and can only be used in well-defined places.
The CASE expression cannot be used to control the flow of execution of
Transact-SQL statements, statement blocks, user-defined functions, and
stored procedures.
If your needs can not be satisfied by these limitations (for example, a need to return differently shaped result sets dependent on some condition) then SQL Server does also have a procedural IF keyword.
IF #IncludeExtendedInformation = 1
BEGIN
SELECT A,B,C,X,Y,Z
FROM T
END
ELSE
BEGIN
SELECT A,B,C
FROM T
END
Care must sometimes be taken to avoid parameter sniffing issues with this approach however.
You can find some nice examples in The Power of SQL CASE Statements, and I think the statement that you can use will be something like this (from 4guysfromrolla):
SELECT
FirstName, LastName,
Salary, DOB,
CASE Gender
WHEN 'M' THEN 'Male'
WHEN 'F' THEN 'Female'
END
FROM Employees
Use CASE. Something like this.
SELECT Salable =
CASE Obsolete
WHEN 'N' THEN 1
ELSE 0
END
SELECT
(CASE
WHEN (Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y') THEN 'YES'
ELSE 'NO'
END) as Salable
, *
FROM Product
Microsoft SQL Server (T-SQL)
In a select, use:
select case when Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y' then 'YES' else 'NO' end
In a where clause, use:
where 1 = case when Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y' then 1 else 0 end
From this link, we can understand IF THEN ELSE in T-SQL:
IF EXISTS(SELECT *
FROM Northwind.dbo.Customers
WHERE CustomerId = 'ALFKI')
PRINT 'Need to update Customer Record ALFKI'
ELSE
PRINT 'Need to add Customer Record ALFKI'
IF EXISTS(SELECT *
FROM Northwind.dbo.Customers
WHERE CustomerId = 'LARSE')
PRINT 'Need to update Customer Record LARSE'
ELSE
PRINT 'Need to add Customer Record LARSE'
Isn't this good enough for T-SQL?
SELECT
CASE
WHEN OBSOLETE = 'N' or InStock = 'Y' THEN 'TRUE'
ELSE 'FALSE'
END AS Salable,
*
FROM PRODUCT
Simple if-else statement in SQL Server:
DECLARE #val INT;
SET #val = 15;
IF #val < 25
PRINT 'Hi Ravi Anand';
ELSE
PRINT 'By Ravi Anand.';
GO
Nested If...else statement in SQL Server -
DECLARE #val INT;
SET #val = 15;
IF #val < 25
PRINT 'Hi Ravi Anand.';
ELSE
BEGIN
IF #val < 50
PRINT 'what''s up?';
ELSE
PRINT 'Bye Ravi Anand.';
END;
GO
Use a CASE statement:
SELECT CASE
WHEN (Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y')
THEN 'Y'
ELSE 'N'
END as Available
etc...
A new feature, IIF (that we can simply use), was added in SQL Server 2012:
SELECT IIF ( (Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y'), 1, 0) AS Saleable, * FROM Product
Use pure bit logic:
DECLARE #Product TABLE (
id INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY NOT NULL
,Obsolote CHAR(1)
,Instock CHAR(1)
)
INSERT INTO #Product ([Obsolote], [Instock])
VALUES ('N', 'N'), ('N', 'Y'), ('Y', 'Y'), ('Y', 'N')
;
WITH cte
AS
(
SELECT
'CheckIfInstock' = CAST(ISNULL(NULLIF(ISNULL(NULLIF(p.[Instock], 'Y'), 1), 'N'), 0) AS BIT)
,'CheckIfObsolote' = CAST(ISNULL(NULLIF(ISNULL(NULLIF(p.[Obsolote], 'N'), 0), 'Y'), 1) AS BIT)
,*
FROM
#Product AS p
)
SELECT
'Salable' = c.[CheckIfInstock] & ~c.[CheckIfObsolote]
,*
FROM
[cte] c
See working demo: if then without case in SQL Server.
For start, you need to work out the value of true and false for selected conditions. Here comes two NULLIF:
for true: ISNULL(NULLIF(p.[Instock], 'Y'), 1)
for false: ISNULL(NULLIF(p.[Instock], 'N'), 0)
combined together gives 1 or 0. Next use bitwise operators.
It's the most WYSIWYG method.
SELECT 1 AS Saleable, *
FROM #Product
WHERE ( Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y' )
UNION
SELECT 0 AS Saleable, *
FROM #Product
WHERE NOT ( Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y' )
SELECT CASE WHEN profile.nrefillno = 0 THEN 'N' ELSE 'R'END as newref
From profile
case statement some what similar to if in SQL server
SELECT CASE
WHEN Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y'
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END as Saleable, *
FROM Product
This isn't an answer, just an example of a CASE statement in use where I work. It has a nested CASE statement. Now you know why my eyes are crossed.
CASE orweb2.dbo.Inventory.RegulatingAgencyName
WHEN 'Region 1'
THEN orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.ContactState
WHEN 'Region 2'
THEN orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.ContactState
WHEN 'Region 3'
THEN orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.ContactState
WHEN 'DEPT OF AGRICULTURE'
THEN orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.ContactAg
ELSE (
CASE orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.IsContract
WHEN 1
THEN orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.ContactCounty
ELSE orweb2.dbo.CountyStateAgContactInfo.ContactState
END
)
END AS [County Contact Name]
If you're inserting results into a table for the first time, rather than transferring results from one table to another, this works in Oracle 11.2g:
INSERT INTO customers (last_name, first_name, city)
SELECT 'Doe', 'John', 'Chicago' FROM dual
WHERE NOT EXISTS
(SELECT '1' from customers
where last_name = 'Doe'
and first_name = 'John'
and city = 'Chicago');
As an alternative solution to the CASE statement, a table-driven approach can be used:
DECLARE #Product TABLE (ID INT, Obsolete VARCHAR(10), InStock VARCHAR(10))
INSERT INTO #Product VALUES
(1,'N','Y'),
(2,'A','B'),
(3,'N','B'),
(4,'A','Y')
SELECT P.* , ISNULL(Stmt.Saleable,0) Saleable
FROM
#Product P
LEFT JOIN
( VALUES
( 'N', 'Y', 1 )
) Stmt (Obsolete, InStock, Saleable)
ON P.InStock = Stmt.InStock OR P.Obsolete = Stmt.Obsolete
Result:
ID Obsolete InStock Saleable
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------
1 N Y 1
2 A B 0
3 N B 1
4 A Y 1
SELECT CASE WHEN Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y' THEN 1 ELSE 0
END AS Saleable, *
FROM Product
You can have two choices for this to actually implement:
Using IIF, which got introduced from SQL Server 2012:
SELECT IIF ( (Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y'), 1, 0) AS Saleable, * FROM Product
Using Select Case:
SELECT CASE
WHEN Obsolete = 'N' or InStock = 'Y'
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END as Saleable, *
FROM Product
Using SQL CASE is just like normal If / Else statements.
In the below query, if obsolete value = 'N' or if InStock value = 'Y' then the output will be 1. Otherwise the output will be 0.
Then we put that 0 or 1 value under the Salable Column.
SELECT
CASE
WHEN obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y'
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END AS Salable
, *
FROM PRODUCT
Question:
SELECT IF(Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y' ? 1 : 0) AS Saleable, * FROM Product
ANSI:
Select
case when p.Obsolete = 'N'
or p.InStock = 'Y' then 1 else 0 end as Saleable,
p.*
FROM
Product p;
Using aliases -- p in this case -- will help prevent issues.
SELECT
if((obsolete = 'N' OR instock = 'Y'), 1, 0) AS saleable, *
FROM
product;
For those who uses SQL Server 2012, IIF is a feature that has been added and works as an alternative to Case statements.
SELECT IIF(Obsolete = 'N' OR InStock = 'Y', 1, 0) AS Salable, *
FROM Product
It will be something like that:
SELECT OrderID, Quantity,
CASE
WHEN Quantity > 30 THEN "The quantity is greater than 30"
WHEN Quantity = 30 THEN "The quantity is 30"
ELSE "The quantity is under 30"
END AS QuantityText
FROM OrderDetails;
I like the use of the CASE statements, but the question asked for an IF statement in the SQL Select. What I've used in the past has been:
SELECT
if(GENDER = "M","Male","Female") as Gender
FROM ...
It's like the Excel or sheets IF statements where there is a conditional followed by the true condition and then the false condition:
if(condition, true, false)
Furthermore, you can nest the if statements (but then use should use a CASE :-)
(Note: this works in MySQL Workbench, but it may not work on other platforms)
For the sake of completeness, I would add that SQL uses three-valued logic. The expression:
obsolete = 'N' OR instock = 'Y'
Could produce three distinct results:
| obsolete | instock | saleable |
|----------|---------|----------|
| Y | Y | true |
| Y | N | false |
| Y | null | null |
| N | Y | true |
| N | N | true |
| N | null | true |
| null | Y | true |
| null | N | null |
| null | null | null |
So for example if a product is obsolete but you dont know if product is instock then you dont know if product is saleable. You can write this three-valued logic as follows:
SELECT CASE
WHEN obsolete = 'N' OR instock = 'Y' THEN 'true'
WHEN NOT (obsolete = 'N' OR instock = 'Y') THEN 'false'
ELSE NULL
END AS saleable
Once you figure out how it works, you can convert three results to two results by deciding the behavior of null. E.g. this would treat null as not saleable:
SELECT CASE
WHEN obsolete = 'N' OR instock = 'Y' THEN 'true'
ELSE 'false' -- either false or null
END AS saleable
There are multiple conditions.
SELECT
(CASE
WHEN RIGHT((LEFT(POSID,5)),4) LIKE '1001' THEN 'DM'
WHEN RIGHT((LEFT(POSID,5)),4) LIKE '1002' THEN 'GS'
WHEN RIGHT((LEFT(POSID,5)),4) LIKE '1003' THEN 'MB'
WHEN RIGHT((LEFT(POSID,5)),4) LIKE '1004' THEN 'MP'
WHEN RIGHT((LEFT(POSID,5)),4) LIKE '1005' THEN 'PL'
WHEN RIGHT((LEFT(POSID,5)),4) LIKE '1008' THEN 'DM-27'
WHEN RIGHT((LEFT(POSID,5)),4) LIKE '1011' THEN 'PB'
WHEN RIGHT((LEFT(POSID,5)),4) LIKE '1012' THEN 'UT-2'
WHEN RIGHT((LEFT(POSID,5)),4) LIKE '1013' THEN 'JGC'
WHEN RIGHT((LEFT(POSID,5)),4) LIKE '1014' THEN 'SB'
WHEN RIGHT((LEFT(POSID,5)),4) LIKE '1015' THEN 'IR'
WHEN RIGHT((LEFT(POSID,5)),4) LIKE '1016' THEN 'UT-3'
WHEN RIGHT((LEFT(POSID,5)),4) LIKE '1017' THEN 'UT-4'
WHEN RIGHT((LEFT(POSID,5)),4) LIKE '1019' THEN 'KR'
WHEN RIGHT((LEFT(POSID,5)),4) LIKE '1020' THEN 'SYB-SB'
WHEN RIGHT((LEFT(POSID,5)),4) LIKE '1021' THEN 'GR'
WHEN RIGHT((LEFT(POSID,5)),4) LIKE '1022' THEN 'SYB-KP'
WHEN RIGHT((LEFT(POSID,5)),4) LIKE '1026' THEN 'BNS'
ELSE ''
END) AS OUTLET
FROM matrixcrm.Transact
Related
I am trying to populate caption column depending on other flags and I am using case statement to achieve this. Unfortunately I am encountering problem with result. Caption should be same for each primary irrespective of Detail Flag.
Code:
SELECT Primary_Key, Detail_Flag, Flag_A, Flag_B,
CASE WHEN Detail_Flag=0 THEN
CASE WHEN Flag_A=1 AND Flag_B=1 THEN 1
ELSE 0 END
END AS IsCommercialFlag,
CASE WHEN Flag_A=1 AND Flag_B=1 THEN 'Yes'
ELSE 'No'
END
AS IsCommercialFlagCaption
FROM TableFlags
WHERE Primary_Key IN (123, 456)
ORDER BY Primary_Key, Detail_Flag
Actual Result:
Expected Result:
It seems you just need NULL handling. Considering you are currently using ORACLE as your DBMS product, You may try below query -
SELECT
Primary_Key,
Detail_Flag,
Flag_A,
Flag_B,
CASE WHEN Detail_Flag=0 THEN
CASE WHEN NVL(Flag_A, 1) = 1 AND NVL(Flag_B, 1) = 1 THEN 1
ELSE 0 END
END AS IsCommercialFlag,
CASE WHEN NVL(Flag_A, 1) = 1 AND NVL(Flag_B, 1) = 1 THEN 'Yes'
ELSE 'No'
END
AS IsCommercialFlagCaption
FROM TableFlags
WHERE Primary_Key IN (123, 456)
ORDER BY Primary_Key, Detail_Flag
If you are using MySQL, just replace NVL with IFNULL, For SQL SERVER user ISNULL.
You seem to want window functions:
SELECT Primary_Key, Detail_Flag, Flag_A, Flag_B,
(CASE WHEN Detail_Flag = 0 AND Flag_A = 1 AND Flag_B = 1
THEN 1
WHEN Detail_Flag = 0
THEN 0
END) AS IsCommercialFlag,
(CASE WHEN MAX(Flag_A) OVER (PARTITION BY Primary_Key) = 1 AND
MAX(Flag_B) OVER (PARTITION BY Primary_Key) = 1
THEN 'Yes'
ELSE 'No'
END) AS IsCommercialFlagCaption
FROM TableFlags
WHERE Primary_Key IN (123, 456)
ORDER BY Primary_Key, Detail_Flag;
You also seem to have no understanding of what "primary key" means in a database. It is unique meaning that the values are not repeated. I strongly advise you to not use such a name for a column that does have repeated values.
Here's the answer I was looking out.
SELECT Primary_Key, Detail_Flag, Flag_A, Flag_B,
CASE WHEN Detail_Flag=0 THEN
CASE WHEN Flag_A=1 AND Flag_B=1 THEN 1
ELSE 0 END
END AS IsCommercialFlag,
CASE WHEN SUM(Flag_A) over (Order by PrimaryKey) = 1 AND
SUM(Flag_B)over (Order by PrimaryKey) = 1 THEN 'Yes'
ELSE 'No'
END
AS IsCommercialFlagCaption
FROM TableFlags
WHERE Primary_Key IN (123, 456)
ORDER BY Primary_Key, Detail_Flag
I am in the process of updating some SQL queries to run against MariaDB instead of via SQL Anywhere. One query I'm running is erroring with this:
Error Code: 1054. Unknown column 'choice' in 'field list'
That is for this query:
SELECT
(select firstname||' '||lastname||' ('||service||')' from staff_members where id_number = customer_assignment_reviews.staff_member_id) as Rep,
(select customer_firstname||' '|| customer_lastname from customers where id_number = customer_assignment_reviews.cs_id) as Cus,
last_modified as "Response Date",replace(review_reason,'’','') as "Reason",
(Select choice = CASE
when accepted = 0 then 'No'
when accepted = 1 then 'Yes'
end) as "Accepted?"
FROM customer_assignment_reviews
where staff_member_id in (Select id_number from kar.staff_members where division_id = 6)
and "Response Date" between today() - 7 and today() /* Date Range */
and "Accepted?" = 'No'
Order by 3 desc
Is this error message as straightforward as it sounds? It's simply saying the column "choice" doesn't exist on the target table?
I'm just trying to reason through why this code (which I inherited) would be referencing a column that does not exist. Could something be expected here at runtime?
You don't need to use subquery in SELECT list
SELECT
-- ...
(Select choice = CASE
when accepted = 0 then 'No'
when accepted = 1 then 'Yes'
end) as "Accepted?"
=>
SELECT
CASE
when accepted = 0 then 'No'
when accepted = 1 then 'Yes'
end as "Accepted?"
Additionaly syntax SELECT alias = expression is only T-SQL specific:
SELECT alias = 1
<=>
SELECT 1 AS alias
What is this supposed to mean?
(Select choice = CASE
when accepted = 0 then 'No'
when accepted = 1 then 'Yes'
end) as "Accepted?"
Very importantly, a select is not needed here. You might mean:
(case when accepted = 0 then 'No'
when accepted = 1 then 'Yes'
end) as is_accepted -- prefer to not have to need escape characters
If accepted only takes those two values, you can simplify this to:
elt(accepted + 1, 'No', 'Yes') as is_accepted
I'm using SQLite.
I have this query:
SELECT Customer.contract_number,
Customer.name,
Customer.last,
Customer.phone,
Contrato.desc,
CASE Contract.sinc WHEN 1 THEN 'Sincro' ELSE 'NO sincro' END Status1,
CASE Customer.rev WHEN 1 THEN 'Rev' ELSE 'No rev' END Status2
FROM Customer,
Contract
WHERE Customer.contract_number = Contract.contract_number
UNION ALL
SELECT HandCo.contract_number,
HandCo.name,
HandCo.last,
HandCo.phone,
HandCo.des,
CASE HandCon.tradit WHEN 1 THEN 'Tradit' ELSE NULL END Status3
FROM HandContract;
I want to merge the result from Status1 and result from Status2 in just one column.
How I do that? Thank you.
I'm using a UNION for the query and that is the reason why I want to merge the Case Funtion.
Thank you for respond.
You can concatenate strings with || in sqllite.
SELECT Customer.contract_number, Customer.name, Customer.last, Customer.phone, Contract.desc,
CASE Contract.sinc WHEN 1 THEN 'Sincro' ELSE 'No sincro' END
||
CASE Customer.rev WHEN 1 THEN 'Rev' ELSE 'No Rev' END Status
FROM
Customer, Contract;
Similar topic: How to concatenate strings with padding in sqlite
Perhaps with string concatenation?
SELECT cu.contract_number, cu.name, cu.last, cu.phone, co.desc,
((CASE co.sinc WHEN 1 THEN 'Sincro' ELSE 'No sincro' END) || '-' ||
(CASE cu.rev WHEN 1 THEN 'Rev' ELSE 'No Rev' END)
) as Status
FROM Customer cu JOIN
Contract co
ON co.?? = cu.??;
Note: I removed the , from the FROM clause. I really doubt that is the intention of this query. You need to put the proper JOIN condition in the ON clause, replacing the ?? with the appropriate column names.
I'm new to SQL and am struggling with a case.
I would like to make the case where if an account (account_ID) doesn't have a record (ON billing_id) between current_date-302 and current_date-62 THEN MARK WITH A "1"
Query below:
Thanks in advance
SELECT
billing_date_local_time
,account_id
,contract_owner_name
,date_first_feature_partner
,deal_starts_at
,contract_id
,new_partner_type
,sum(voucher_sold) AS Vouchers
,sum(gross_bookings_local) AS GB
,sum(gross_revenue_local) AS GR
,is_G2
,Case when billing_date_local_time between current_date-302 and current_date-62 = 0 THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' End
FROM EMEA_ANALYTICS.eu_deal_flat
WHERE
country_id = 206
and billing_date_local_time between current_date-400
and current_date-2
GROUP BY 1,2,3,4,5,6,10,11
You'll need to do a correlated subquery; something like this:
select
a.billing_date_local_time
,a.account_id
,...
, CASE WHEN EXISTS (SELECT * FROM EMEA_ANALYTICS.eu_deal_flat b WHERE a.account_id = b.account_id AND b.billing_date_local_time between current_date-302 and current_date-62 ) THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END
from
FROM EMEA_ANALYTICS.eu_deal_flat a
WHERE ...
You need to apply an aggregate function like this:
min(case when billing_date_local_time
between current_date-302 and current_date-62
then 0
else 1
end)
I have a inventory table with a condition i.e. new, used, other, and i am query a small set of this data, and there is a possibility that all the record set contains only 1 or all the conditions. I tried using a case statement, but if one of the conditions isn't found nothing for that condition returned, and I need it to return 0
This is what I've tried so far:
select(
case
when new_used = 'N' then 'new'
when new_used = 'U' then 'used'
when new_used = 'O' then 'other'
end
)as conditions,
count(*) as count
from myDB
where something = something
group by(
case
when New_Used = 'N' then 'new'
when New_Used = 'U' then 'used'
when New_Used = 'O' then 'other'
end
)
This returns the data like:
conditions | count
------------------
new 10
used 45
I am trying to get the data to return like the following:
conditions | count
------------------
new | 10
used | 45
other | 0
Thanks in advance
;WITH constants(letter,word) AS
(
SELECT l,w FROM (VALUES('N','new'),('U','used'),('O','other')) AS x(l,w)
)
SELECT
conditions = c.word,
[count] = COUNT(x.new_used)
FROM constants AS c
LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.myDB AS x
ON c.letter = x.new_used
AND something = something
GROUP BY c.word;
try this -
DECLARE #t TABLE (new_used CHAR(1))
INSERT INTO #t (new_used)
SELECT t = 'N'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'N'
UNION ALL
SELECT 'U'
SELECT conditions, ISNULL(r.cnt, 0) AS [count]
FROM (
VALUES('U', 'used'), ('N', 'new'), ('O', 'other')
) t(c, conditions)
LEFT JOIN (
SELECT new_used, COUNT(1) AS cnt
FROM #t
--WHERE something = something
GROUP BY new_used
) r ON r.new_used = t.c
in output -
new 2
used 1
other 0
You can do it as a cross-tab:
select
sum(case when new_used = 'N' then 1 else 0 end) as N,
sum(case when new_used = 'U' then 1 else 0 end) as U,
sum(case when new_used = 'O' then 1 else 0 end) as Other
from myDB
where something = something